voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2021-12-66-93voprecotest-3603Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSЗанятость в малом и среднем бизнесе в России: в поисках факторов ростаSmall and medium-sized enterprises in Russia: In search of the employment growth factorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1283-0362ЗемцовС. П.ZemtsovS. P.

Земцов Степан Петрович, к. г. н., директор Центра экономической географии и регионалистики Института прикладных экономических исследований

Москва

Stepan P. Zemtsov

Moscow

zemtsov@ranepa.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9204-0362ЦареваЮ. В.TsarevaY. V.

Царева Юлия Викторовна, н.  с. Международной лаборатории исследования проблем устойчивого развития ИПЭИ

Москва

Yuliya V. Tsareva

Moscow

tsareva-yv@ranepa.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-9982СалимоваД. Р.SalimovaD. R.

Салимова Дина Ринатовна, м.  н.  с. Центра пространственной экономики ИПЭИ

Москва

Dina R. Salimova

Moscow

salimova-dr@ranepa.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-4683БариноваВ. А.BarinovaV. A.

Баринова Вера Александровна, заведующая Международной лабораторией исследования проблем устойчивого развития ИПЭИ; завлабораторией инновационной экономики

Москва

Vera A. Barinova

Moscow

barinova-va@ranepa.ruРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФРоссияRussian Presidential Academy of Economy and Public AdministrationRussian FederationРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; Институт экономической политики имени Е. Т. ГайдараРоссияRussian Presidential Academy of Economy and Public Administration; Gaidar Institute for Economic PolicyRussian Federation2021081220210126693Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20212021Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3603

В периоды кризисов обостряются дискуссии об источниках занятости, одним из которых может выступать предпринимательская деятельность. Рост занятости в предпринимательском секторе заявлен в качестве одной из национальных целей до 2030 г., но для выбора и верификации мер поддержки требуется определить его исходные факторы. Предложена эконометрическая модель, где зависимой переменной выступает рост занятости в секторе малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП) в регионах России. По результатам расчетов значим фактор создания новых компаний: одно новое предприятие в среднем создает 10 новых рабочих мест в малом и среднем бизнесе, а технологический стартап — около 60 через год. Рост занятости в последнее десятилетие выше в регионах с растущими доходами населения, с хорошим доступом к банковскому капиталу и крупным рынкам, с низкими инвестиционными рисками. Повышение доступности интернета способствует, а огосударствление экономики и автоматизация производств препятствуют росту предпринимательского сектора. В аграрных регионах занятость в МСП растет, а в центрах добычи — падает. Усилия властей необходимо направить на снижение барьеров входа на рынок для новых компаний, на повышение доступа к капиталу, рынкам и интернету и стимулирование цифровизации бизнеса.

During crises, discussions about the sources of employment intensify, including that of entrepreneurship. The growth of employment in the entrepreneurial sector is one of the national goals, which should be achieved up until 2030. However, the selection and verification of support measures requires the determination of the underlying growth factors. The paper proposes an econometric model, where the dependent variable is the growth of employment in the SME sector in the Russian regions over the previous decade. According to the results of the estimations, the creation of new companies is significant: one new enterprise creates on average 10 new jobs in small and medium-sized businesses, while a technological startup creates 60 new jobs next year. Employment growth in the last decade is higher in regions with growing incomes of the population, with good access to banking capital and large markets, and with low criminal risks. Increasing Internet accessibility contributes to the growth of the business sector; whereas nationalization of the economy is an obstacle. Employment is growing in SMEs in agricultural regions and decreasing in the centers of production. The efforts of the authorities should aim at lowering the barriers to market entry for the new companies, increasing access to capital, markets and the Internet, and stimulating the digitalization of the economy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.