voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2021-7-31-48voprecotest-3599Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYКоллаборативные иерархииCollaborative hierarchieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-6823ПолтеровичВ. М.PolterovichV. M.

Полтерович Виктор Меерович, академик РАН, руководитель научного направления ЦЭМИ РАН, замдиректора МШЭ МГУ

Москва

Victor M. Polterovich

Moscow

polterov@mail.ruЦентральный экономико-математический институт РАН; Московская школа экономики МГУ имени М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияCentral Economics and Mathematics Institute, RAS; Moscow School of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202111072021073148Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20212021Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3599

Вводится понятие коллаборативной иерархии — механизма сотрудничества, сочетающего иерархические и одноранговые (пиринговые) взаимодействия. В коллаборативной иерархии множество участников, информационно «подчиненных» одному координатору, образуют пиринговую сеть, вырабатывающую консенсусные решения. Отмечаются преимущества таких механизмов по сравнению с пиринговыми. Исследуется проблема устойчивости коллаборативных иерархий. Устойчивость в данном случае означает, что они защищены от превращения во властные иерархии, опирающиеся на насилие. Для коллаборативной иерархии необходим высокий уровень человеческого капитала и гражданской культуры. Устойчивость достигается за счет ряда формальных организационных принципов, таких как отбор координаторов по уровню коллаборативности и их регулярная сменяемость. Особое значение для устойчивости имеет требование достижения консенсуса. Отмечено, что ряд западных стран пытаются преодолеть кризис государства всеобщего благосостояния путем реформы управления экономикой, предусматривающей формирование коллаборативных иерархий. Анализ показывает, что формирование управленческих иерархий совместимо с тенденцией к замещению механизмов конкуренции и власти механизмами сотрудничества, продемонстрированной в рамках философии сотрудничества. Обсуждается значение полученных выводов для  России.

We introduce the concept of collaborative hierarchy, a mechanism of collaboration which combines hierarchical and peer-to-peer interactions. In a collaborative hierarchy, a set of participants informatively “subordinate” to the same coordinator forms a peer-to-peer network producing consensual decisions. The advantages of such mechanisms over peer-to-peer mechanisms are noted. The problem of stability of collaborative hierarchies is investigated. In this case it means that they are protected from turning into power hierarchies based on violence. Stability requires high levels of human capital and civic culture. It is achieved through a number of formal organizational principles, such as the selection of coordinators by the level of collaborativity and their regular turnover. Of particular importance for stability is the requirement of reaching consensus. It is demonstrated that a number of Western countries are trying to overcome the crisis of the welfare state by introducing economic reforms providing for the formation of collaborative hierarchies. Our analysis shows that forming of governance hierarchies is compatible with the tendency of crowding out mechanisms of competition and power by mechanisms of collaboration, demonstrated by the philosophy of collaboration. The significance of the findings for Russia is discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.