voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2017-11-33-49voprecotest-357Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYТолерантность, сотрудничество и экономический ростTolerance, collaboration, and economic growthПолтеровичВ. М.PolterovichV.

академик РАН, завлабораторией Центрального экономико-математического института (ЦЭМИ) РАН; замдиректора Московской школы экономики МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова (Москва)

polterov@mail.ruРАН; Центральный экономико-математический институт (ЦЭМИ) РАН; МГУ имени М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияCentral Economics and Mathematics Institute, RAS; Moscow School of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation2017201120170113349Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20172017Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/357

Институциональный (в частности, политический) плюрализм - фундаментальная черта современных развитых обществ; его культурной основой выступает толерантность граждан. В работе предлагается различать правовую, оценочную и интерактивную толерантность. Это позволяет объяснить противоречивые результаты, полученные при эконометрических исследованиях толерантности и ее связи с экономическим ростом. Правовая толерантность служит основой конкурентного плюрализма, а интерактивная оказывается предпосылкой формирования консенсусного плюрализма, базирующегося на сотрудничестве различных общественных сил. Борьба за ресурсы, внутри и межстрановое неравенство, «войны за историю» и предрассудки препятствуют росту толерантности. Рассматривается «парадокс политкорректности»: догматическая толерантность порождает интолерантное поведение. Отмечено, что интерактивная толерантность в развивающихся странах значимо коррелирует с техническим прогрессом и уровнем благосостояния. Наличие этой связи, реализуемой через механизмы сотрудничества, позволяет предположить, что, несмотря на противоречивую динамику уровня толерантности в последние 25 лет, в долгосрочной перспективе она будет укрепляться.

Institutional (in particular, political) pluralism is a fundamental feature of modern developed societies. Its cultural basis is the tolerance of citizens. The paper proposes to distinguish between legal, evaluative and interactive tolerance. This distinction makes it possible to explain the contradictory results obtained in econometric studies of tolerance and its links with the economic growth. Legal tolerance is the basis of competitive pluralism, and interactive one is the prerequisite for the formation of consensus pluralism, based on the collaboration of various social forces. Struggle for resources, intra- and intercountry inequality, “history wars” and prejudices prevent the strengthening of tolerance. Attention is drawn to the “paradox of political correctness”: dogmatic tolerance generates intolerant behavior. It is noted that interactive tolerance in developing countries is significantly correlated with technological progress and the level of well-being. The existence of this relationship, which is realized through collaboration mechanisms, gives the ground for supposition that, despite the contradictory dynamics of the tolerance level in the past 25 years, tolerance will be strengthening in the long run.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.