voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2021-12-94-117voprecotest-3516Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSЧто (же) делать с занятостью женщин с детьми в России? Роль дошкольных образовательных учрежденийWhat should we do about the employment of women with children in Russia? The role of preschool educational institutionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-3047КолесникД. П.KolesnikD. P.

Колесник Дарья Павловна, эксперт Центра исследований международной экономики Института международных исследований

Москва

Daria P. Kolesnik

Moscow

d.kolesnik@inno.mgimo.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9934-3617ПестоваА. А.PestovaA. A.

Пестова Анна Андреевна , к. э. н., с. н. с. Центра исследований международной экономики Института международных исследований, PhD-кандидат

Москва; Прага, Чехия

Anna A. Pestova

Moscow; Prague, Czech Republic

annapestova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9431-4825ДонинаА. Г.DoninaA. G.

Донина Анна Германовна, эксперт Центра исследований международной экономики Института международных исследований,  PhD-кандидат

Москва; Прага, Чехия

Anna G. Donina

Moscow;  Prague, Czech Republic

anna.donina@gmail.comМосковский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian FederationМосковский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) МИД России; CERGE-EI, Карлов университетРоссияMGIMO University; CERGE-EI, Charles UniversityRussian Federation20210812202101294117Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20212021Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3516

Проанализированы возможности и препятствия на пути повышения занятости женщин с детьми в России. Наблюдается тесная корреляция между отставанием России по доле работающих женщин с детьми до трех лет (24% против 59% в странах ОЭСР) и дефицитом предложения услуг дошкольного образования и учреждений по уходу и присмотру за детьми. На основе количественного анализа по регионам РФ показано, что расширение предложения услуг дошкольного образования ассоциируется с повышением занятости женщин, причем затраты на ввод дополнительных мест в детских дошкольных организациях окупаются дополнительными налоговыми поступлениями от работающих женщин с детьми уже через два года. Межстрановой анализ показывает, что дополнительно способствовать повышению занятости женщин с детьми могут переход от традиционных гендерных и социальных ролей к более равноправным, снижение гендерного неравенства, стимулирование отцов брать отпуска по уходу за детьми, расширение доступности трудоустройства женщин с детьми на неполную рабочую неделю или с гибким графиком. Расчеты показывают, что достижение охвата услугами дошкольных учреждений в России уровня стран Европы позволит реализовать значительный потенциал экономического роста: увеличение дохода на душу населения составит 3,5%.

The paper examines the opportunities and obstacles to increasing the employment of women with children in Russia. There is a tight correlation between Russia’s lagging behind in the share of working women with children under the age of three and a lack of supply of preschool and childcare institutions. Using quantitative analysis of the Russian regions, we show that the expansion of the supply of preschool education services is associated with an increase in the employment of women, and the cost of introducing additional places in preschool organizations is recouped by additional tax revenues from working women with children in two years. Our cross-country analysis shows that the transition from traditional gender and social roles to more equal ones, the reduction of gender inequality, the encouragement of fathers to take parental leave, and the increased availability of part-time or flexible-schedule employment for women with children could further facilitate the employment of women with children. Our estimates show that an increase of preschool enrollment in Russia to the level of European countries would materialize a sizable economic growth potential: an increase in income per capita would be 3.5%.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.