voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2021-3-31-67voprecotest-3436Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ИННОВАЦИЙECONOMICS OF INNOVATIONПроизводительность труда в несырьевых секторах российской экономики: факторы роста на уровне компанийLabor productivity in the non-resource sectors of the Russian economy: What determines firm-level growth?https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-3668СимачевЮ. В.SimachevYu. V.

Симачев Юрий Вячеславович, к. т. н., проф., директор по экономической политике, директор Центра исследований структурной политики

Москва

Yury V. Simachev

Moscow

yusimachev@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-6718КузыкМ. Г.KuzykM. G.

Кузык Михаил Георгиевич, к. э. н., замдиректора Центра исследований структурной политики

Москва

Mikhail G. Kuzyk

Moscow

mkuzyk@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-8106ФедюнинаА. А.FedyuninaA. A.

Федюнина Анна Андреевна, к. э. н., вед. н. с. Центра исследований структурной политики

Москва

Anna A. Fedyunina

Moscow

afedyunina@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-709XЗайцевА. А.ZaytsevA. A.

Зайцев Александр Андреевич, к. э. н., н. с. Центра комплексных европейских и международных исследований

Москва

Alexander A. Zaytsev

Moscow

alex.zaytsev@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-4825ЮревичМ. А.YurevichM. A.

Юревич Максим Андреевич, аналитик Центра исследований структурной политики;

н.с. Центра макроэкономических исследований

Москва

Maxim A. Yurevich

Moscow

mayurevich@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской ФедерацииРоссияHSE University; Financial University under the Government of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202110032021033167Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20212021Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3436

В статье представлен анализ глубинных факторов производительности труда в компаниях базовых несырьевых отраслей российской экономики. Рассматривается роль инновационной и инвестиционный активности, развития человеческого капитала, конкурентной среды и поддержки государства в поведении компаний на рынках и повышении уровня производительности. В качестве данных использованы результаты анкетирования руководителей 713 компаний обрабатывающей промышленности, сельского хозяйства, транспорта, строительства. Отмечен высокий уровень дивергенции компаний по производительности, в том числе в рамках отраслей, при этом есть признаки усиления такой дифференциации. Показано, что более высокий уровень производительности (в статике) сочетается с инвестициями в человеческий капитал и основные фонды, а также с использованием цифровых технологий, однако не обнаружено четкой связи с инновациями и расходами на исследования и разработки. Рост производительности (в динамике) сочетается не только с инвестиционной, но и с инновационной активностью (процессными инновациями), с расходами на НИОКР. Драйвером роста производительности выступает частный сектор: повышение производительности характерно для компаний, ориентированных на спрос частных средних и крупных компаний. Важно состояние конкурентной среды: позитивным условием для роста производительности выступает умеренная конкуренция с импортом (который служит примером для инноваций российских компаний).

The study discusses underlying factors of labor productivity in firms of basic non-resource industries of the Russian economy and considers the role of innovation and investment activity, human capital development, competitive environment and government support. The data is based on the results of a survey of managers of 713 companies in basic non-resource industries (manufacturing, agriculture, transport, construction). We find high level of divergence of firm productivity at the industry level. We show that higher level of productivity is accompanied with investments in human capital, in fixed assets, as well as the use of digital technologies, but we do not find that higher productivity is accompanied by innovations and expenditures on research and development. We show that productivity growth is combined not only with investment, but also with innovative activity (process innovations) and R&D expenditures. The driver of productivity growth is the private sector: the increase in productivity is driven by firms serving the demand of private medium and large companies. Competitive environment is another factor: moderate competition with import (which acts as a stimulus for innovations of Russian companies) is a condition for the productivity growth.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.