<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2022-7-27-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-3355</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО СЕКТОРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повышение ставки НДС, государственные расходы, экономический рост и отраслевые эффекты: CGE анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The VAT rate hike, government spending, economic growth and sectoral effects: CGE analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4994-960X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрыпник</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skrypnik</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрыпник Дмитрий Владимирович, к. э. н., вед. н. с. лаборатории математической экономики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Skrypnik</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">skrypnikdv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3355">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3355</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследуются отраслевые и макроэкономические эффекты повышения ставки НДС и соответствующего дополнительного прироста государственных расходов. В этих целях разработана вычислимая модель общего равновесия для российской экономики. Выявлено, что само по себе повышение ставки НДС приводит к снижению выпуска в большинстве отраслей, включая обрабатывающий сектор. Несмотря на положительный макроэкономический эффект от прироста госрасходов, отраслевая структура ухудшается, а дополнительный рост спроса недостаточен, чтобы компенсировать негативный эффект от роста ставки НДС, в частности для промышленного сектора. В сценарии с повышением ставки НДС и ростом госрасходов негативные эффекты от повышения ставки усиливаются для сельского хозяйства и торговли в силу удорожания факторов производства в результате дополнительного государственного спроса. Благоприятные условия возникают для сырьевого и строительного секторов, а также сектора электроэнергетики, тепла, воды и газораспределения, которые и без того динамично развиваются. За пределы этих секторов мультипликативные эффекты госрасходов фактически не распространяются. Сектору промышленности реализовать свой потенциал не удается. Для сбалансированного и устойчивого экономического роста требуются дополнительные усилия в рамках промышленной политики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the sectoral and macroeconomic effects of the increase in the VAT rate and the additional increase in government spending. For this porpoise, the computable general equilibrium model of the Russian economy has been developed. We have found that the VAT rate hike leads to the output decrease in most industries, including the manufacturing sector. Despite the positive macroeconomic effect from the government spending increases, the sectoral structure is deteriorating, and there is not enough additional growth in demand to offset the negative effect of the increase in the VAT rate, in particular for the industrial sector. In the VAT rate hike and government spending increase scenario, the negative effects of the VAT hike are exacerbated for sectors such as agriculture and trade due to higher costs of production factors as a result of additional government demand. Favorable conditions are being created for the raw materials and the construction sectors as well as the electricity, heat, water and gas distribution sector that have already developed dynamically. Beyond these sectors, the multiplier effects of government spending do not actually extend. The industrial sector is failing to realize its potential. Balanced and sustainable economic growth thus requires additional efforts on the part of industrial policy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государственные расходы</kwd><kwd>бюджетная политика</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>вычислимые модели общего равновесия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>government spending</kwd><kwd>fiscal policy</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>computable general equilibrium models</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект 20-010-00569-А). Автор признателен анонимному рецензенту за ценные замечания и рекомендации, которые позволили существенно улучшить качество работы.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А., Волчкова Н., Денисова И., Левина И., Турдыева Н., Халеева Ю. (2004). Микроэкономическая оценка последствий налоговой реформы // Научные доклады: независимый экономический анализ. № 19. М.: ЦЭФИР.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev A., Volchkova N., Denisova I., Levina I., Turdyeva N., Khaleeva Y. (2004). Microeconomic assessment of the tax reform consequences. Scientific reports: Independent economic analysis, No. 19. Moscow: CEFIR. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А. В., Соколов Д. В., Турдыева Н. В., Юдаева К. В. (2006). Россия и международные торговые организации: анализ в рамках модели общего равновесия // Экономическая наука современной России. № 4. С. 112—125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev A. V., Sokolov D. V., Turdyeva N. V., Yudaeva K. V. (2006). Russia and the international trading organizations: The analysis within the limits of the general equilibrium model. Economics of Contemporary Russia, No. 4, pp. 112—125. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахтизин А. Р. (2003). Вычислимая модель «Россия: Центр—Федеральные округа». Препринт № WP/2003/151. М.: ЦЭМИ РАН.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhtizin A. R. (2003). Computable model “Russia: Center—Federal districts” (Preprint No. WP/2003/151). Moscow: CEMI RAS. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов С., Дерюгина Е. (2018). Фискальные мультипликаторы в России // Банк России. Серия докладов об экономических исследованиях. № 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov S., Deryugina E. (2018). Fiscal multipliers in Russia. Bank of Russia Working Paper Series, No. 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров В. Л. (1999). Вычислимая модель российской экономики (RUSEC). Препринт № WP/99/069. М.: ЦЭМИ РАН.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarov V. L. (1999). Computable model of the Russian economy (RUSEC) (Preprint No. WP/99/069). Moscow: CEMI RAS. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полтерович В. М. (2016). Институты догоняющего развития (к проекту новой модели экономического развития России) // Экономические и социальные переме ны: факты, тенденции, прогноз. № 5. С. 34—56. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2016.5.47.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polterovich V. M. (2016). Institutions of catching-up development (on the project of a new model for economic development of Russia). Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, No. 5, pp. 34—56. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2016.5.47.2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Широв А. А. (2019). Возможность преодоления сложившейся экономической инерции за счет реализации национальных проектов // Научные труды Вольного экономического общества России. Т. 218, № 4. С. 346—351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shirov A. A. (2019). The capability of overcoming the current economic inertia through the realization of national projects. Scientific works of the Free Economic Society of Russia, Vol. 218, No. 4, pp. 346—351. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auerbach A. J., Gorodnichenko Y. (2012). Measuring the output responses to fiscal policy. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1—27. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.2.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auerbach A. J., Gorodnichenko Y. (2012). Measuring the output responses to fiscal policy. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 1—27. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.4.2.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barro R. J., Redlick C. J. (2011). Macroeconomic effects from government purchases and taxes. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 126, No. 1, pp. 51—102. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjq002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barro R. J., Redlick C. J. (2011). Macroeconomic effects from government purchases and taxes. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 126, No. 1, pp. 51—102. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjq002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanchard O., Perotti R. (2002). An empirical characterization of the dynamic effects of changes in government spending and taxes on output. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 117, No. 4, pp. 1329—1368. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302320935043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanchard O., Perotti R. (2002). An empirical characterization of the dynamic effects of changes in government spending and taxes on output. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 117, No. 4, pp. 1329—1368. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302320935043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devarajan S., Robinson S. (2013). Contribution of computable general equilibrium modeling to policy formulation in developing countries. In: P. B. Dixon, D. W. Jorgenson (eds.). Handbook of computable general equilibrium modeling, Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 277—301. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59568-3.00005-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devarajan S., Robinson S. (2013). Contribution of computable general equilibrium modeling to policy formulation in developing countries. In: P. B. Dixon, D. W. Jorgenson (eds.). Handbook of computable general equilibrium modeling, Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 277—301. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59568-3.00005-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon P. B., Rimmer M. T. (2016). Johansen’s legacy to CGE modelling: Originator and guiding light for 50 years. In: K. Anderson (ed.). World scientific reference on Asia-Pacific trade policies, Vol. 2: Agricultural and manufacturing protection in Australia. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 459—479. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813274754_0016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon P. B., Rimmer M. T. (2016). Johansen’s legacy to CGE modelling: Originator and guiding light for 50 years. In: K. Anderson (ed.). World scientific reference on Asia-Pacific trade policies, Vol. 2: Agricultural and manufacturing protection in Australia. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 459—479. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813274754_0016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosoe N., Gasawa K., Hashimoto H. (2010). Textbook of computable general equilibrium modeling: Programming and simulations. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230281653</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosoe N., Gasawa K., Hashimoto H. (2010). Textbook of computable general equilibrium modeling: Programming and simulations. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230281653</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilzetzki E., Mendoza E. G., Végh C. A. (2013). How big (small?) are fiscal multipliers? Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 239—254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2012.10.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilzetzki E., Mendoza E. G., Végh C. A. (2013). How big (small?) are fiscal multipliers? Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 239—254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2012.10.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen J., Rutherford T., Tarr D. (2004). Economy-wide and sector effects of Russia’s accession to the WTO. Unpublished manuscript, World Bank.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen J., Rutherford T., Tarr D. (2004). Economy-wide and sector effects of Russia’s accession to the WTO. Unpublished manuscript, World Bank.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lanz B., Rutherford T. F. (2016). GTAPINGAMS, version 9: Multiregional and small open economy models with alternative demand systems. IRENE Working Paper, No. 16-08.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lanz B., Rutherford T. F. (2016). GTAPINGAMS, version 9: Multiregional and small open economy models with alternative demand systems. IRENE Working Paper, No. 16-08.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lofgren H., Harris R. L., Robinson S. (2002). A standard computable general equilibrium (CGE) model in GAMS. Microcomputers in policy research 5. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lofgren H., Harris R. L., Robinson S. (2002). A standard computable general equilibrium (CGE) model in GAMS. Microcomputers in policy research 5. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathiesen L. (1985). Computation of economic equilibria by a sequence of linear complementarity problems. In: A. S. Manne (ed.). Economic equilibrium: Model formulation and solution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 144—162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0121030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathiesen L. (1985). Computation of economic equilibria by a sequence of linear complementarity problems. In: A. S. Manne (ed.). Economic equilibrium: Model formulation and solution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 144—162. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0121030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlov A., Grethe H. (2012). Carbon taxation and market structure: A CGE analysis for Russia. Energy Policy, Vol. 51, pp. 696—707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlov A., Grethe H. (2012). Carbon taxation and market structure: A CGE analysis for Russia. Energy Policy, Vol. 51, pp. 696—707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutherford T., Paltsev S. (1999). From an input-output table to a general equilibrium model: Assessing the excess burden of indirect taxes in Russia. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado, Department of Economics.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutherford T., Paltsev S. (1999). From an input-output table to a general equilibrium model: Assessing the excess burden of indirect taxes in Russia. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado, Department of Economics.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
