voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2021-6-103-138voprecotest-3257Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ИННОВАЦИЙECONOMICS OF INNOVATIONВзаимодействие российского бизнеса с наукой: точки соприкосновения и камни преткновенияInteraction of Russian business with science: Points of contact and stumbling blockshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-3668СимачевЮ. В.SimachevYu. V.

Симачев Юрий Вячеславович, к. э. н., проф., директор по экономической политике, директор Центра исследований структурной политики НИУ ВШЭ

Москва

Moscow

yusimachev@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-6718КузыкМ. Г.KuzykM. G.

Кузык Михаил Георгиевич, к. э. н., замдиректора Центра исследований структурной политики НИУ ВШЭ

Москва

Moscow

mkuzyk@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation20210706202106103138Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20212021Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3257

В статье оценивается влияние научно-производственной кооперации на деятельность фирм, анализируются факторы взаимодействия российских компаний с научными организациями и вузами в исследовательской сфере, выявляются барьеры развития сотрудничества бизнеса и науки. Установлено, что в компаниях, источником инноваций которых служили внешние исследования и разработки, чаще, чем в других фирмах, наблюдалась позитивная динамика деятельности и за последние пять лет они выводили на рынок новую для мира продукцию. Вместе с тем значимый эффект воздействия кооперации с отечественными организациями исследовательской сферы выявлен только для динамики экспорта. Показано, что взаимодействие с отечественной наукой более характерно для высокотехнологичных отраслей промышленности и крупных российских фирм. Фактором, побуждающим фирмы к аутсорсингунаучных исследований, выступает существенный уровень конкуренции. Препятствуют развитию научно-производственной кооперации высокая стоимость внешних исследовательских услуг и их недостаточное качество. Можно указать на такой барьер, как низкая заинтересованность исследовательских организаций в объемах заказов, которые могут предложить фирмы. Это обусловлено незначительными институциональными изменениями в российской науке, сохранением ее ориентации на государство и крупнейших игроков, что существенно ограничивает возможности институционального взаимодействия небольших инновационных фирм с наукой. Выявлено, что государство довольно результативно «подталкивает» компании к взаимодействию с научными организациями и вузами, однако результаты такого взаимодействия в существенной части не устраивают бизнес.

The paper assesses the influence of science–business cooperation on the activity of firms, analyzes the factors of interaction of Russian companies with academic organizations and universities in the research sphere, identifies barriers to the development of cooperation between business and science. It has been established that companies whose source of innovation was external R&D were more likely to grow over the past 5 years and to create new products. However, a significant effect of the impact of cooperation with domestic research organizations was found only for the dynamics of exports. It is shown that cooperation with domestic science is more typical for high-tech industries and large Russian businesses. The factor inducing firms to outsource research is a significant level of competition. The high cost of external research services and their insufficient quality hinder the development of scientific and production cooperation. One can point to such a barrier as low interest of research organizations in the volume of orders that firms can offer. This is caused by weak institutional change in the Russian science, preservation of its orientation at the state and major players, which significantly limits the opportunities for institutional interaction of small innovative firms with science. It has been shown that the state quite effectively “pushes” companies to interact with research organizations and universities, but the results of such interaction are often unsatisfactory for firms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.