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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2020-12-125-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-3097</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИОННЫЙ КЛУБ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEBATING SOCIETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Институты, индивиды и отношения в процессе модернизации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Institutions, individuals, and social relations in the modernization process</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-4217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубицын</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubitsyn</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубицын Дмитрий Викторович, д. ф. н., проф.</p><p>Чита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Trubitsyn</p><p>Chita</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dvtrubitsyn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Забайкальский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Transbaikal State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3097">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/3097</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализируются аргументы сторон в дискуссии о роли институтов в возникновении современного роста и выявляются существенные недостатки как институционализма, так и его критики. К ним относятся: стремле ние остаться в рамках экономики как «чистой» эмпирической науки, хотя междисциплинарный характер проблемы модернизации, социологическая и социально-философская принадлежность этой теории требуют выхода на междисциплинарный и метатеоретический уровень; рассмотрение модернизации в конечной стадии (формирование институтов и переход к современному экономическому росту), тогда как необходим анализ социальных трансформаций на ее ранних этапах — в период появления городов как центров ремесла и торговли, расширения городских рынков, роста влияния и независимости торгово-ремесленного класса; ограничение теории понятиями «экономический рост» и «институты». Необходимо вернуть категории «социальные отношения» значение, какое ей придавалось в марксистской экономической теории. Если речь идет об описании долговременных исторических трансформаций, чем и является модернизация, то ее вытеснение из экономической мысли и замещение «институтами» неэффективно: понятия «структуры/отношения» и «институты» не идентичны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The controversy over the role of institutions in the emergence of the modern development is analyzed in the article; essential faults in both institutionalism and its criticism are revealed. The faults in question are: The tendency to stay in the framework of economics as a purely empirical science, though the interdisciplinary character of the problem of modernization, its sociological and social-philosophical theory demands for the interdisciplinary and metatheoretical level; modernization is often considered only in its final stage (the development of modern institutions and the transition to the modern economic growth), while an analysis of social transformations on its earlier stages is necessary (the rise of cities as trade and craft centers, the expansion of urban markets, the extension of influence and independence of merchants and craftsmen); the theory is limited by the definitions of “economic growth” and “institutions” which clearly do not seem to be sufficient. It is considered to be essential to restore the term “social relations” in its Marxist meaning; in case of long-term historical transformations (such as modernization), its replacement by “institutions” is not valid (the terms “structures/relations” and “institutions” are not identical).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модернизация</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>институты</kwd><kwd>социальные отношения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modernization</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>institutions</kwd><kwd>social relationships</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аджемоглу Д., Робинсон Дж. (2016). Почему одни страны богатые, а другие бедные. М.: АСТ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acemoglu D., Robinson J. (2016). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. Moscow: AST. 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