<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2020-8-82-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-2961</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ISSUES OF THEORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модель эволюции предпочтений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A model of preferences evolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-0171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Букин Кирилл Александрович, к. физ.-мат. н., доцент Департамента теоретической экономики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Bukin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kbukin@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6910-281X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Левин Марк Иосифович, д. э. н., проф. Департамента теоретической экономики НИУ ВШЭ, завкафедрой микроэкономики РАНХиГС</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark I. Levin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlevin05@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2961">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2961</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе рассматривается эволюция политических предпочтений индивидов под влиянием партий и политических групп, в которых они состоят. Предпочтения индивидов рассматриваются с точки зрения близости к полити ческим доктринам конкретных институтов. Смену политических взглядов можно считать комбинацией устойчивого тренда с наложением случайного изменения, и в этом смысле она аналогична мутациям в биологии. Показано, что стационарные распределения индивидов на шкале политического спектра задаются их функциями полезности и начальной численностью. Если начальное распределение порождалось принадлежно стью к центральной партии и двум группам, условно называемым «левыми» и «правыми», то стационарное распределение имеет вид трех узких пиков, чьи максимумы приходятся на точки, характеризующие политические доктрины на шкале политического спектра. Кроме того, показано, что в стационарном режиме относительное количество членов партии «центра» увеличится по сравнению с начальным периодом и, наоборот, суммарная доля «левых» и «правых» снизится.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper examines the evolution of individual political preferences under the influence of the parties and political groups of which they are members. Individual preferences are considered in terms of proximity to political doctrines of the political institutions in question. The change in political views can be considered as a combination of a steady trend with the imposition of random change, and in this sense it is similar to mutations in biology. The paper shows that stationary distributions of individuals on the political spectrum scale are defined by their utility functions and initial numbers. While the initial distribution was generated by membership of the central party and two groups conventionally called “left” and “right”, the stationary distribution has the form of three narrow peaks, the maximums of which are at the points characterizing political doctrines on the political spectrum scale. In addition, it is shown that in the stationary mode, the relative number of members of the “center” party will increase as compared to the initial period, and vice versa, the total share of “left” and “right” will decrease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эволюция предпочтений</kwd><kwd>политическая доктрина</kwd><kwd>стационарное распределение</kwd><kwd>задача на собственные значения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>evolution of preferences</kwd><kwd>political doctrine</kwd><kwd>steady-state distribution</kwd><kwd>eigenvalues problem</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность анонимному рецензенту и А. Д. Радыгину за к ческие замечания, которые способствовали улучшению статьи</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Березин Ф. И., Шубин М. А. (1983). Уравнение Шредингера. М.: Изд-во МГУ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berezin F. I., Shubin М. А. (1983). Schrödinger equation. Moscow: MSU Publ. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Букин К. А., Левин М. И. (2018). Конкуренция на регулируемом рынке религиозных услуг // Экономическая политика. Т. 13, № 1. С. 219—233. https://doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2018-1-08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukin К. А., Levin М. I. (2018). Competition in a regulated religious market. Ekonomicheskaya Politika, Vol. 13, No. 1, рр. 219—233. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18288/1994-5124-2018-1-08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дунаев А . С., Шлычков В. И. (2015). Специальные функции: Учебное посо бие. Екатеринбург: Уральский федеральный университет.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunaev А . S., Shlychkov V. I. (2015). Special functions. Ekaterinburg: Ural Federal University. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розоноэр Л. И., Седых Е. И. (1979). О механизмах эволюции самовоспроизводящихся систем. II // Автоматика и телемеханика. № 3. С. 119—130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozonoer L . I., Sedykh E . I. (1979). On evolution mechanisms of self-reproducing systems. Avtomatika i Telemekhanika, No. 3, рр. 119—130. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akerlof G. A., Kranton R. E. (2005). Identity and the economics of organizations. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 1, рр. 9—32. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330053147930</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akerlof G. A., Kranton R. E. (2005). Identity and the economics of organizations. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 1, рр. 9—32. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330053147930</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alger I., Weibull W. M. (2013). Homo moralis — preference evolution under incomplete information and assortative matching. Econometrica, Vol. 81, No. 6, рр. 2269—2302. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA10637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alger I., Weibull W. M. (2013). Homo moralis — preference evolution under incomplete information and assortative matching. Econometrica, Vol. 81, No. 6, рр. 2269—2302. https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA10637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barros P. N., Garoupa N. M. (2002). An economic theory of church strictness. Economic Journal, Vol. 112, рр. 559—576. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barros P. N., Garoupa N. M. (2002). An economic theory of church strictness. Economic Journal, Vol. 112, рр. 559—576. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bukin K. A., Levin M. I. (2018). Formation of sects in a religious market. Russian Journal of Economics, Vol. 4, No. 4, рр. 386—396. https://doi.org/10.3897/j.ruje.4.33622</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukin K. A., Levin M. I. (2018). Formation of sects in a religious market. Russian Journal of Economics, Vol. 4, No. 4, рр. 386—396. https://doi.org/10.3897/j.ruje.4.33622</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heifetz A., Shannon C., Spiegel Y. (2007). The dynamic evolution of preferences. Economic Theory, Vol. 32, No. 2, рр. 251—286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-006-0121-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heifetz A., Shannon C., Spiegel Y. (2007). The dynamic evolution of preferences. Economic Theory, Vol. 32, No. 2, рр. 251—286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-006-0121-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henrich J. (2009). The evolution of costly displays, cooperation and religion: Credibility enhancing displays and their implications for cultural evolution. Evolution and Human Behavior, Vol. 30, рр. 244—260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henrich J. (2009). The evolution of costly displays, cooperation and religion: Credibility enhancing displays and their implications for cultural evolution. Evolution and Human Behavior, Vol. 30, рр. 244—260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.03.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iannaccone L. R. (1998). Introduction to the economics of religion. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 36, No. 3, рр. 1465—1495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iannaccone L. R. (1998). Introduction to the economics of religion. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 36, No. 3, рр. 1465—1495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McBride M. (2008). Religious market competition in a richer world. Economica, Vol. 77, рр. 148—171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00732.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McBride M. (2008). Religious market competition in a richer world. Economica, Vol. 77, рр. 148—171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2008.00732.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGill B. J., Brown J. S. (2007). Evolutionary game theory and adaptive dynamics of continuous traits. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, Vol. 38, рр. 403—435. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.091704.175517</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGill B. J., Brown J. S. (2007). Evolutionary game theory and adaptive dynamics of continuous traits. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, Vol. 38, рр. 403—435. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.091704.175517</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poulsen A., Poulsen O. (2006). Endogenous preferences and social-dilemma institutions Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 162, No. 4, рр. 627—660. https://doi.org/10.1628/093245606779252742</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poulsen A., Poulsen O. (2006). Endogenous preferences and social-dilemma institutions Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 162, No. 4, рр. 627—660. https://doi.org/10.1628/093245606779252742</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robson A. J. (2002). Evolution and human nature. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 16, No. 2, рр. 89—106. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330027274</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robson A. J. (2002). Evolution and human nature. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 16, No. 2, рр. 89—106. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330027274</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood C., Shaver J. H. (2018). Religion, evolution, and the basis of institutions: The institutional cognition model of religion. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, Vol. 2, No. 2, рр. 1—20. https://doi.org/10.26613/esic.2.2.89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood C., Shaver J. H. (2018). Religion, evolution, and the basis of institutions: The institutional cognition model of religion. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, Vol. 2, No. 2, рр. 1—20. https://doi.org/10.26613/esic.2.2.89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
