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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2020-10-83-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-2938</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MACROECONOMIC RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Шоки спроса, предложения, ДКП и цен на нефть в российской экономике (анализ на основе модели BVAR со знаковыми ограничениями)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Demand, supply, monetary policy, and oil price shocks in the Russian economy (Analysis based on the BVAR model with sign restrictions)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-277X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломоносов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomonosov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ломоносов Даниил Анатольевич, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории математического моделирования экономических процессов РАНХиГС; магистрант Института экономики, математики и информационных технологий РАНХиГС</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil A. Lomonosov  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daniil329@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4683-8194</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полбин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polbin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полбин Андрей Владимирович, кандидат экономических наук, завлабораторией математического моделирования экономических процессов РАНХиГС, заместитель заведующего международной лабораторией математического моделирования экономических процессов Института Гайдара</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Polbin  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apolbin@iep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4058-7331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фокин Никита Денисович, научный сотрудник лаборатории математического моделирования экономических процессов</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 1568-3383</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita D. Fokin  </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fokinikita@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ;&#13;
 Институт экономической политики имени Е. Т. Гайдара</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration;&#13;
Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2938">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2938</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе оценивается модель байесовской векторной авторегрессии для российской экономики на данных реального ВВП, дефлятора ВВП и цен на нефть в качестве экзогенной переменной, выступающей переменной-заменителем (proxy) для условий торговли. Наряду с воздействием шока цен на нефть в рамках модели оценивается влияние шока спроса и предложения, идентификация которых производится на основе знаковых ограничений. Согласно полученным результатам, в конце 2014 г. и в 2015 г. шок спроса оказывал положительное воздействие на темпы роста ВВП, что можно объяснить положительным влиянием девальвации рубля в конце 2014 г. В последующие годы шок спроса приводил в основном к замедлению экономического роста. В работе предпринята попытка в шоке спроса выделить шок денежно-кредитной политики и оценить его влияние на ВВП, потребление домохозяйств и инвестиции. Влияние шока ДКП на все эндогенные переменные было отрицательным в 2015—2018 гг. Однако рост ставки процента в конце 2014 г. идентифицируется как эндогенная реакция на другие шоки, воздействие шока ДКП на ВВП в 2015 г. практически нулевое. В 2017 г. шок ДКП снизил рост ВВП на 0,9 п.  п.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper considers a simple Bayesian vector autoregressive model for the Russian economy based on data for real GDP, GDP deflator and oil price as an exogenous variable that acts as a proxy variable for the terms of trade. Along with the impact of oil price shocks, the model estimates the impact of supply and demand shocks, the identification of which is based on the approach of sign restrictions. According to the results obtained, at the end of 2014 and in 2015, demand shocks had a positive impact on GDP growth, which can be interpreted as a positive effect of the ruble devaluation at the end of 2014. In the next years, demand shocks led mainly to a slowdown in economic growth. The paper also attempts to identify monetary policy shocks and assesses their impact on GDP, household consumption and investment. According to the results, the effect of monetary shocks in 2015—2019 on all endogenous variables was negative. However, an increase in the interest rate at the end of 2014 is identified mostly as an endogenous reaction to other shocks, and the effect of the monetary shock on GDP in 2015 is nearly zero. In 2017, monetary shocks slowed down GDP by 0.92 percentage points.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>байесовская векторная авторегрессия</kwd><kwd>шок денежнокредитной политики</kwd><kwd>шок спроса</kwd><kwd>шок предложения</kwd><kwd>цены на нефть</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bayesian vector autoregression</kwd><kwd>historical decomposition</kwd><kwd>monetary policy shocks</kwd><kwd>demand shocks</kwd><kwd>supply shocks</kwd><kwd>oil price</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ващелюк Н. В., Полбин А. В., Трунин П. В. (2015). 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