voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2019-11-81-107voprecotest-2491Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSОтдача от некогнитивных характеристик на российском рынке трудаThe return to noncognitive characteristics in the Russian labor markethttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-5733РожковаК. В.RozhkovaKsenia V.

Рожкова Ксения Викторовна, стажер-исследователь лаборатории исследований рынка труда факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ

Москва

Moscow

krozhkova@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation20190611201901181107Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20192019Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2491

На протяжении долгого времени в экономической литературе интеллектуальные способности индивида считались основным фактором его успехов на рынке труда. Однако наличие существенной зарплатной разницы между индивидами после контроля на традиционные компоненты человеческого капитала, а также ряд других важных социальных явлений, не получивших объяснения, привели к поиску альтернативных объяснений разных успехов индивидов на рынке труда. Одним из таких объяснений могут быть некогнитивные характеристики — сравнительно устойчивая манера думать, чувствовать и вести себя в определенных обстоятельствах. Получившая развитие в ряде стран, для России тема некогнитивных характеристик пока во многом остается неисследованной. В данной работе представлена одна из первых оценок существующей связи между некогнитивными характеристиками в различных социально-демографических и профессиональных группах и их успешностью на рынке труда. Результаты показывают наличие связи между некогнитивными навыками, вероятностью занятости и величиной доходов для всех социодемографических и профессиональных групп. Наиболее стабильными с точки зрения влияния на заработную плату оказались категории открытости и невротизма. Кроме того, измеряемый эффект от характеристик личности сопоставим с эффектом от традиционных компонент человеческого капитала, например образования.

For decades economic literature considered intellect to be the main determinant of individual results in the labor market. While there has been significant research on the traditional human capital as the main determinant of labour market results, there is huge heterogeneity across individual wages on the labour market which remains unexplained. Noncognitive characteristics represent a relatively stable way of thinking, feeling and behaving in certain situations, which appears to provide an explanation for these differences. This study presents scarce evidence of the link between noncognitive skills and economic outcomes conducted on extensive Russian data. Using RLMS—HSE data for 2016—2017, returns to the Big Five taxonomy of personality traits are estimated with an extended Mincer-type model. The results are in line with previous research on the topic and indicate the existence of a strong link between noncognitive skills, employment and wages for all socio-demographic and professional groups. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the economic returns across these groups. Besides, the measured effect of personality traits is comparable to the effect from the traditional human capital components.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.