voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2019-11-63-80voprecotest-2490Research ArticleЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫLABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICSКвалификационная мобильность мигрантов в РоссииImmigrant occupational mobility in Russiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-4563ВаршавскаяЕ. Я.VarshavskayaElena Y.

Варшавская Елена Яковлевна, д. э. н., профессор кафедры управления человеческими ресурсами факультета бизнеса и менеджмента НИУ ВШЭ

Москва

Moscow

evarshavskaya@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-5323ДенисенкоМ. Б.DenisenkoMikhail B.

Денисенко Михаил Борисович, к. э. н., замдиректора Института демографии НИУ ВШЭ

Москва

Moscow

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation2019061120190116380Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20192019Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2490

Квалификационная мобильность мигрантов относится к ключевым характеристикам их экономической адаптации. В статье анализируются траектории и факторы квалификационной мобильности мигрантов на российском рынке труда. Рассматриваются мобильность мигрантов от последней работы на родине к первой работе в России и от первой работы к текущей работе в России. Эмпирической основой выступают данные массового опроса мигрантов (более 8,5 тыс. граждан стран СНГ и Грузии). Показано, что для России характерно сочетание масштабной нисходящей мобильности при входе мигрантов на рынок труда и ограниченного восходящего движения в процессе пребывания в стране. Образование и знание русского языка снижают риски нисходящей мобильности при переходе от последней работы в стране выезда к первой работе в РФ, однако на экономическую интеграцию мигрантов их влияние ограниченное. Значимым фактором выступает структура регионального рынка: чем выше доля занятых в трудоемких отраслях сферы услуг, тем больше вероятность нисходящей мобильности мигрантов. Результаты свидетельствуют о сегментированной ассимиляции и формировании особого («мигрантского») сегмента рынка труда в России.

The occupational mobility of migrants is one of the key characteristics of their economic integration. The article analyzes the occupational mobility of immigrants from their countries of origin to Russia and its main determinants. Mobility of migrants from the last job at home to the first job in Russia and from the first job to the current job in Russia is considered. The empirical basis is the data of a representative survey of migrants (more than 8500 citizens of the CIS countries and Georgia. The evidence shows that immigrant occupational mobility is characterized by a combination of large-scale intense initial downgrading when migrants enter the Russian labor market and a limited occupational progress during their stay in Russia. Higher education and Russian proficiency reduce the risks of downward mobility during the transition from the last job in the home country to the first job in Russia, but their influence on the economic integration of migrants is very limited. A significant factor is the structure of the regional market: the larger the proportion of people employed in labor-intensive service industries, the higher the likelihood of immigrant occupational downgrading. The evidence for Russia is more in line with the proposal of segmented assimilation theory, which suggests that immigrants experience has limited or blocked occupational mobility.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.