voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2019-10-32-63voprecotest-2447Research ArticleЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКАECONOMIC POLICYПовышение энергоэффективности и экономический ростEnergy efficiency and economic growthhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2842-166XБашмаковИ. А.BashmakovIgor A.

Башмаков Игорь Алексеевич, д. э. н., генеральный директор ЦЭНЭФ-XXI

Москва

Moscow

bashmako@co.ruЦентр энергоэффективности — XXI векРоссияCenter for Energy Efficiency-XXIRussian Federation2019081020190103263Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20192019Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2447

Многие экономисты, и не только российские, не понимают, зачем вообще и в России в частности нужно повышать эффективность использования энергии. В отличие от увеличения производительности труда, повышение энергоэффективности рассматривается как желательное, но не обязательное условие экономического роста, главными факторами которого считаются труд и капитал. Цель статьи — показать реальную значимость повышения энергоэффективности как фактора экономического роста. Благодаря этому можно решить ряд проблем: ликвидировать его ограничения за счет повышения экономической доступности энергии; обеспечить конкурентоспособность; увеличить многофакторную производительность благодаря повышению «качества энергии»; смягчить остроту проблемы ограниченности природных ресурсов; поддерживать рост при жестких экологических требованиях. Исторически для обеспечения роста ВВП на душу населения на 1% необходимо снизить энергоемкость ВВП на 0,5—0,8%, и эта цифра растет по мере повышения уровня экономического развития.

Many Russian and foreign economists are not sure, why it is essential to take efforts to improve energy efficiency in general and in Russia in particular. Unlike labour productivity improvement, energy efficiency improvements are viewed as desirable for the economic growth, yet not at all sine qua non, as economic growth is taken as mostly driven by labour and capital, with an inconspicuous shadow of energy vaguely swaying in the background. This paper aims to show the actual importance of improving energy efficiency to achieve economic growth. It highlights the contribution of energy efficiency in addressing five problems related to economic growth: removal of growth constraints by improving the affordability of energy; improvement of competitiveness; enhancement of multifactor productivity through a better ‘quality of energy’; mitigation of the natural resources scarcity; ensuring growth despite tough environmental limitations. Historically, 1 percent GDP per capita growth requires 0.5—0.8% reduction in GDP energy intensity. This latter value grows as the level of economic development increases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.