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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2019-9-40-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-2396</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕНСИОННАЯ РЕФОРМА</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Приватизация пенсионной системы в Чили и формирование новой пенсионной ортодоксии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Privatization of pension system in Chile and formation of new pension orthodoxy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0350-7304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnik</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельник Денис Валерьевич - к. э. н., доцент департамента теоретической экономики факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmelnik@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-8055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миряков</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miryakov</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миряков Михаил Иванович - аспирант департамента теоретической экономики факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmiryakov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2396">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2396</self-uri><abstract><p>В 1981 г. в Чили была проведена приватизационная реформа пенсионной системы, что привлекло внимание политиков и экспертов во всем мире. В результате на конец 2018 г. более чем в 30 странах были воплощены схожие модели пенсионного обеспечения — преимущественно в Латинской Америке и посткоммунистических странах. В работе рассматриваются дизайн и результаты чилийской пенсионной реформы. На ее примере показаны особенности трансформации теоретических концепций в фактическую экономическую политику. Сделаны выводы, что хотя теоретический фундамент пенсионной реформы в Чили составили концепции либеральных экономистов (в первую очередь М. Фридмена), модель чилийской пенсионной реформы и процесс ее реализации стали воплощением нового патернализма, а быстрое распространение чилийского опыта в мире было связано не столько с реальными успехами чилийской реформы, сколько с убедительностью сопровождавшего ее дискурса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 1981 in Chile the Pinochet regime reformed the state-led PAYG pension system into the private pension system. Chilean experiment attracted the attention of both politicians and experts around the world and laid the foundations for the new pension orthodoxy. As a result, more than 30 countries (mostly in Latin America and in the former Soviet bloc) followed the Chilean model and privatized pension systems. The paper considers the design and results of the Chilean pension reform. The aim of the paper is to show the specific path of transformation of theoretical concepts into actual economic policy. The research provides two key results. The first is that although pension reforms of recent decades were influenced by the ideas of liberalism, their design and implementation in fact suited the pattern of the new paternalism characteristic of “neoliberalism”. The second is that implementation of the Chilean model in other countries was due to the persuasiveness of the discourse of the new pension orthodoxy rather than to actual performance of the Chilean pension system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальная политика</kwd><kwd>пенсионная реформа</kwd><kwd>пенсионная приватизация</kwd><kwd>новая пенсионная ортодоксия</kwd><kwd>новый патернализм</kwd><kwd>история экономических реформ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social policy</kwd><kwd>pension reform</kwd><kwd>pension privatization</kwd><kwd>new pension orthodoxy</kwd><kwd>new paternalism</kwd><kwd>history of economic reforms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Автономов В. (2015). На какие свойства человека может опереться экономический либерализм? // Вопросы экономики. №. 8. 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