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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2016-9-67-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>_________________</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>_________________</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Межстрановые различия в производительности труда: роль капитала, уровня технологий и природной ренты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International differences in labor productivity: Role of capital, technological level and resource rent</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytsev</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель-ассистент кафедры общей экономической теории Московской школы экономики МГУ имени М.  В. Ломоносова (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex_zaytsev@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow School of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/230">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/230</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследуются причины различий в душевых ВВП и производительности труда между Россией и зарубежными странами на основе методики «level accounting». Показано, что 2,5-5-кратное отставание России от развитых стран по производительности труда, оцененной для нересурсной части экономики, на 33-39% объясняется более низкой капиталовооруженностью труда и на 58-65% более низким уровнем технологий (уровнем многофакторной производительности). Качество человеческого капитала в России незначительно ниже уровня развитых стран и поэтому объясняет лишь 2-4% разрыва в производительности труда. В расчетах используются данные по человеческому капиталу, количеству отработанных часов, ВВП и запасу основного капитала, конвертированные в доллары США на основе текущих ППС, а также учитывается роль природной ренты. Все это позволило получить более точные оценки уровня технологий в России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia’s lagging behind. Factors of Russia’s low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>душевой ВВП</kwd><kwd>производительность труда</kwd><kwd>многофакторная производительность</kwd><kwd>капиталовооруженность</kwd><kwd>межстрановые сопоставления</kwd><kwd>производственная функция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>per capita GDP</kwd><kwd>labor productivity gap</kwd><kwd>MFP level</kwd><kwd>international comparisons</kwd><kwd>level accounting</kwd><kwd>resource rent</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аджемоглу Д., Робинсон Д. А. (2015). Почему одни страны богатые, а другие бедные. Происхождение власти, процветания и нищеты. М.: АСТ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acemoglu D., Robinson D. A. (2015). Why nations fail? Moscow: AST. 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