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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2016-9-5-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-227</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕНЕЖНО-КРЕДИТНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MONETARY POLICY: THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Политика центрального банка в условиях значительных шоков платежного баланса и структурных сдвигов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Central bank policy under significant balance-of-payment shocks and structural shifts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синяков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyakov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель директора департамента исследований и прогнозирования Банка России (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sinyakovaa@cbr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдаева</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudaeva</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, первый заместитель Председателя Банка России (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Банк России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bank of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/227">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/227</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются различные варианты политики центрального банка по обеспечению ценовой и финансовой стабильности в малой открытой экономике страны-экспортера сырья в условиях сильных шоков платежного баланса, аналогичных тем, с которыми столкнулась Россия в 2014-2015 гг. Анализ проводится с использованием модифицированной стандартной базовой модели общего равновесия, учитывающей особенности структуры экономики России и проводимой бюджетной политики. Из рассматриваемых вариантов валютной и денежной политики выбрана их оптимальная комбинация: плавающий валютный курс и повышение процентных ставок. Мы показываем, что плавающий валютный курс сглаживает шоки платежного баланса, обеспечивая более стабильную динамику производства и спроса. При «незаякоренных» инфляционных ожиданиях параллельное ужесточение денежной политики позволяет обеспечить ценовую и финансовую стабильность. Достижению финансовой стабильности способствует также предоставление центральным банком валютной ликвидности коммерческим банкам в периоды пикового спроса на валюту.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this paper, we analyze a number of monetary and FX policy alternatives using the model of a small open oil-exporting economy hit by severe balance-of-payment shocks, such as those that simultaneously affected the Russian economy in 2014-2015. For our purposes, we modify Romer’s (2013) IS-MP general equilibrium model by adding a structure similar to the Russian economy (tradables and oil vs. non-tradables). In the model, we consider an optimal policy mix that includes a floating exchange rate, FX liquidity provision by a central bank and temporary tightening of monetary policy. The flexible exchange rate works as a shock absorber, helping restore aggregate demand and domestic production. If inflation expectations are not anchored, contractionary monetary policy helps to stabilize them. Financial stability risks are addressed by lending FX liquidity to the banking sector.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>денежная политика</kwd><kwd>шок условий торговли</kwd><kwd>экономика России</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IS-MP модель</kwd><kwd>monetary policy</kwd><kwd>terms-of-trade shock</kwd><kwd>economy of Russia</kwd><kwd>IS-MP model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burstein A., Eichenbaum M., Rebelo S. (2005). Large devaluations and the real exchange rate. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 742-784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burstein A., Eichenbaum M., Rebelo S. (2005). Large devaluations and the real exchange rate. 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