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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2019-6-30-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-2256</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДЕНЕЖНО-КРЕДИТНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MONETARY POLICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сокращение капитала российских банков: изменение склонности к риску и роль процентной политики Банка России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Depleting net worth of Russian banks: Changes in banks’ risk-taking and the interest rate policy of the Bank of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-4838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамонов</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamonov</surname><given-names>Mikhail E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мамонов Михаил Евгеньевич, к. э. н., внештатный сотрудник ЦМАКП; с. н. с. Лаборатории анализа и прогноза экономических процессов НИУ ВШЭ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmamonov@forecast.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр макроэкономического анализа и краткосрочного прогнозирования; Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Macroeconomic Analysis and Short-Term Forecasting; National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2256">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2256</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на успешность жесткого регулирования банковского сектора в последние годы, Центральный банк РФ (ЦБ РФ) продолжает обнаруживать «дыры» в капитале банков. В работе изучается влияние изменений склонности к риску российских банков и вариации процентной политики ЦБ РФ на формирование «дыр» в капитале кредитных организаций в 2007—2017 гг. С помощью квантильных регрессий исследуются различия в механизмах формирования обнаруженных «дыр», а селективные модели Хекмана применяются для анализа еще не выявленных (скрытых от регулятора) проблем с капиталом банков. Расчеты показали, что изменение склонности к риску имеет большое значение: оно повышает вероятность банкротства и одновременно с этим увеличивает размер «дыры» в капитале еще функционирующих банков. Кроме того, игнорирование изменений склонности к риску на модельном уровне приводит к существенному завышению оценок скрытых «дыр» в капитале еще функционирующих банков — с 3,6 трлн до 5,3 трлн руб., или на 2% от величины совокупных активов банковской системы. Процентная политика ЦБ РФ имеет риск-стимулирующий эффект: повышение ключевой ставки, а также увеличение ее волатильности коррелируют с более высокими значениями «дыр» в капитале банков. Выявлены негативные перекрестные эффекты взаимного усиления изменений склонности к риску банков и ужесточения процентной политики ЦБ РФ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite achieving success in the tight prudential regulation of the banking sector, the Bank of Russia (CB RF) continues to reveal new cases of negative net worth in banks. This paper investigates the influence of banks’ risk-taking and the interest rate policy of the CB RF on the depletion of net worth in Russian credit institutions during 2007—2017. The quartile regression approach is employed to examine the differences in net worth depletion of already failed banks; additionally, the Heckman selection approach is applied to analyze potential negative net worth that has not been revealed by the CB RF yet. The estimation results suggest that banks’ risk-taking matters: its increases are positively associated with the rises of the probability of bank failures and the size of negative net worth, conditional on failure. Ignoring of banks’ risktaking leads to a substantial upward bias in the estimates of the total size of negative net worth in the banking system — from 3.6 to 5.3 trillion rubles, or by 2% of the system’s total assets. Further, the interest rate policy of the CB RF has a risk-shifting effect: an increase of the key rate together with a rise of its volatility are associated with a further depletion of banks’ net worth. Finally, the paper shows that a joint increase in banks’ risk-taking and the key rate has a further negative effect on banks’ net worth.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>банки</kwd><kwd>склонность к риску</kwd><kwd>банкротство</kwd><kwd>«дыры» в капитале</kwd><kwd>Центральный банк РФ</kwd><kwd>процентная политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>banks</kwd><kwd>risk-taking</kwd><kwd>failure</kwd><kwd>hidden negative capital</kwd><kwd>Bank of Russia</kwd><kwd>interest rate policy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ в 2018 г.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борзых О. (2017). Влияние норматива достаточности капитала банков на узкий кредитный канал денежной трансмиссии в России // Вопросы экономики. № 7. 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