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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2016-8-28-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ТРУДА И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LABOR AND SOCIAL ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Занятость в российском бюджетном секторе: значимы социальные или экономические факторы?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public employment in Russia: Do social security or economic factors matter?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурвич</surname><given-names>Е. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurvich</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. ф.-м. н., руководитель Экономической экспертной группы (Москва), руководитель Центра бюджетного анализа и прогнозирования Научно-исследовательского финансового института (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egurvich@eeg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазанов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazanov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник международной лаборатории культурного разнообразия и экономического развития МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова (Москва)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akhazanov@nes.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Экономическая экспертная группа; Научно-исследовательский финансовый институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Economic Expert Group</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/220">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/220</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу занятости в российском бюджетном секторе и его сегментах - государственном управлении, образовании и здравоохранении - в 2000-2014 гг. Численность бюджетников в пересчете на душу населения в России существенно превышает аналогичный показатель стран со сравнимым уровнем ВВП на душу населения. Анализ данных по российским регионам и стране в целом не подтвердил гипотезу о том, что наем в бюджетный сектор используется как инструмент социальной политики. В то же время занятость в нем демонстрирует положительную связь с трансфертами из бюджетов других уровней, а в случае сегмента государственного управления проявляется «эффект храповика» - рост занятости при появлении дополнительных доходов, но не снижение в случае их исчезновения. Во всех сегментах наблюдается «экономия на масштабе», то есть отрицательная зависимость числа работников на душу населения от численности населения в регионе. Есть также отдельные признаки того, что численность бюджетников может быть обусловлена спросом на государственные услуги: более высокий уровень занятости в государственном управлении в регионах со значительной долей городского населения и положительная связь числа работников образования с долей молодого населения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper contains analysis of Russian public employment and its segments: public administration, education and health care, in 2000-2014. The per capita number of public sector employees in Russia substantially exceeds that of countries with comparable GDP per capita. The results of the region-level analysis do not support the hypothesis that the public sector acts as an "employer of last resort", smoothing the effect of the labor market shocks. At the same time the region-level analysis reveals a positive relation of fiscal transfers from other budgets, which in case of public administration underpins the "ratchet effect" - an increase in case of additional revenues and no effect in case of the decrease of the inflow. In all segments there is evidence of the "economy of scale": the negative relation between the per capita employment and regional population numbers. There is also some support of the hypothesis that public employment depends on the demand for public goods: we have found positive relation of employment in public administration with urbanization and of employment in education with the share of young population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бюджетный сектор</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>государственное управление</kwd><kwd>региональный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>public sector employment</kwd><kwd>labor market</kwd><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>health care</kwd><kwd>public administration</kwd><kwd>regional analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А. И. и др. (2005). Россия регионов: в каком социальном пространстве мы живем? / Независимый институт социальной политики. 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