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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2019-3-142-158</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-2155</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА И ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMICS AND LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социологический анализ оптимального правоприменения: типичные случаи избыточной криминализации экономической деятельности в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sociological perspective on the optimal law enforcement: Typical cases of overcriminalization of economic activity in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-2581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Четверикова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chetverikova</surname><given-names>Iryna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Четверикова Ирина Васильевна, н. с. Института проблем правоприменения</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ichetverikova@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-7969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титаев</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titaev</surname><given-names>Kirill D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титаев Кирилл Дмитриевич, к. соц. н., директор по исследованиям Института проблем правоприменения</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European University at St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2155">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2155</self-uri><abstract><p>Опираясь на работы об уровне оптимального правоприменения, авторы показывают, что многие уголовные дела в экономической сфере, рассмотренные в судах первой инстанции, криминализуют такое поведение, которое не причиняет значимый вред другим или обществу в целом, не имеет значимых негативных экстерналий, является массовым (а правоприменение — избирательным). Наиболее типичные случаи чрезмерной криминализации экономической деятельности охватывают преступления, связанные с нарушением правил ведения бухгалтерского и налогового учета, неисполнением договорных обязательств, несоблюдением правил распоряжения господдержкой и нарушением требований лицензирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on the analysis of verdict texts, we demonstrate that many criminal cases against individuals who were prosecuted for economic crimes in Russian courts in the past few years do not correspond with the level of optimal law enforcement. Economic crimes (a) did not cause substantial harm, (b) did not have harmful externalities, (c) were common, but the enforcement was selective. Economic activity was most often overcriminalized by the law enforcement when illegal behavior consisted of accounting or tax mistakes, breach of a contract, violations of special-purpose loan regulations, or licensing offences.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономические преступления</kwd><kwd>криминализация</kwd><kwd>модель оптимального правоприменения</kwd><kwd>издержки легальности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic crime</kwd><kwd>overcriminalization</kwd><kwd>law enforcement</kwd><kwd>costs of legality</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд (грант №17-18-01618 «Исследование социального контроля и мобилизации права с использованием больших данных»)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдашева С., Шаститко А. (2009). 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