<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-124-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-2138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGIONAL ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неформальные налоги на общественные блага в российских регионах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informal taxes for the provision of public goods in Russian regions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-5379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бесстремянная</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Besstremyannaya</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бесстремянная Галина Евгеньевна, PhD in economics, к. э. н., в. н. с. ЦЭФИР при Российской экономической школе; с. н. с. лаборатории социального моделирования Центрального экономико-математического института РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina E. Besstremyannaya</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gbesstre@cefir.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр экономических и финансовых исследований и разработок при Российской экономической школе; Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Center for Economic and Financial Research at New Economic School; Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2138">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2138</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается один из видов неформальных налогов — самообложение граждан для финансирования местных общественных благ. Дискуссия о самообложении усилилась с утверждением в 2017 г. поправки к закону о местном самоуправлении, упрощающей процедуру проведения референдума граждан. В статье проведен анализ зарубежной литературы, позволивший выявить институциональные предпосылки и риски этого метода финансирования. В эмпирической части проанализированы данные Росстата и статистика Федерального казначейства. Результаты свидетельствуют о положительной связи между размером коэффициента регионального софинансирования и ростом доли средств самообложения в местных бюджетах. Поэтому самообложение может восприниматься как сигнал граждан о желаемом улучшении качества муниципальных благ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article studies the example of informal taxes in Russia — a phenomenon when citizens provide voluntary payments for financing local public goods. This so-called “self-taxation” has attracted attention in 2017 upon the adoption of the changes to the local government law, which simplified the procedure for local referendum. The article outlines institutional reasons for the emergence of this mechanism and its risks for Russia and other countries. The empirical analysis exploits the data by the Russian Statistical Agency and the Russian Treasury. Our results reveal a positive relationship between the coefficient of regional cofinancing of municipal projects and the growth in the share of voluntary payments in the non-tax revenues of local budgets. Therefore, self-taxation by citizens may be viewed as a signalling tool for enhancing the quality of local public goods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бюджетный федерализм</kwd><kwd>общественные блага</kwd><kwd>неформальные налоги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fiscal federalism</kwd><kwd>public goods</kwd><kwd>informal taxes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балынин И. В. (2015). Практика использования инструмента самообложения граждан при формировании доходов местных бюджетов // Финансы и управление. № 2. С. 53—62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balynin I. V. (2015). The use of self-taxes of citizens in forming the revenues of local budgets. Finansy i Upravleniye, No. 2, pp. 53—62. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гальченко В. В. (ред.) (2008). Гражданское у частие в местном самоуправлении. Методическое пособие. М.: ИД Авангард.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galchenko V. V. (ed.) (2008). Citizens’ participation in local governments. Methodological textbook.Moscow: Avangard. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емец М. И., Макаров М. А. (2016). Средства самообложения граждан как источник формирования доходов местного бюджета // Экономика и менеджмент инновационных технологий: [Электронный ресурс]. № 12. http://ekonomika.snauka.ru/2016/12/13433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emetz M. I., Makarov M. A. (2016). The self-taxation of citizens as a source of local budget revenues. Ekonomika i Menedgment Innovatsionnykh Tehnologii, No. 12. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергиенко Н. С. (2015). Самообложение как форма добровольного участия населения в социально-экономическом развитии поселения // Современные исследования социальных проблем. № 1. С. 266—270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergienko N. S. (2015). Self-taxation as a form of voluntary participation of the population i n socioeconomic develop ment of settlements. Sovremennye Issledovaniya Sotsialnykh Problem, No. 1, pp. 266—270. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сивинцева О. В., Будник К. В. (2018). Партисипаторные инструменты в субъектах РФ: самообложение граждан и инициативное бюджетирование // Искусство управления. Т. 10, № 1. С. 96—127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivintseva O. V., Budnik K. V. (2018). Participatory instruments in RF subjects: Self-taxation and initiative budgeting. Ars Administrandi, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 96—127. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Besley T., Persson T. (2013). Taxation and development. In: A. Auerbach, R. Chetty, M. Feldstein, E. Saez (eds.). Handbook of public economics, Vol. 5, pp. 51—110. Elsevier.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Besley T., Persson T. (2013). Taxation and development. In: A. Auerbach, R. Chetty, M. Feldstein, E. Saez (eds.). Handbook of public economics, Vol. 5, pp. 51—110. Elsevier.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bice D. C., Hoyt W. H. (2000). The impact of mandates and tax limits on voluntary contributions to local public services: An application to fire-protection services . National Tax Journal, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 79—104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bice D. C., Hoyt W. H. (2000). The impact of mandates and tax limits on voluntary contributions to local public services: An application to fire-protection services . National Tax Journal, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 79—104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bird R. M. (1990). Intergovernmental finance and local taxation in developing countries: Some basic considerations for reformers. Public Administration and Development , Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 277—288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bird R. M. (1990). Intergovernmental finance and local taxation in developing countries: Some basic considerations for reformers. Public Administration and Development , Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 277—288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brunner E., Sonstelie J. (2003). School finance reform and voluntary fiscal federalism . Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 87, No. 9—10, pp. 2157—2185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brunner E., Sonstelie J. (2003). School finance reform and voluntary fiscal federalism . Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 87, No. 9—10, pp. 2157—2185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Downes T. A., Figlio D. N. (1997). School finance reforms, tax limits, and student performance: Do reforms level up or dumb down?Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Papers, No. 1142—97. Madison, WI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Downes T. A., Figlio D. N. (1997). School finance reforms, tax limits, and student performance: Do reforms level up or dumb down?Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Papers, No. 1142—97. Madison, WI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferris J. M. (1984). Coprovision: Citizen time and money donations in public service provision. Public Administration Review, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 324—333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferris J. M. (1984). Coprovision: Citizen time and money donations in public service provision. Public Administration Review, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 324—333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon R., Li W. (2009). Tax structures i n developi ng countries: Many puzzles and a possible explanation. Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 93, No. 7—8, pp. 855—866.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon R., Li W. (2009). Tax structures i n developi ng countries: Many puzzles and a possible explanation. Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 93, No. 7—8, pp. 855—866.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olken B. A., Singhal M. (2011). Informal taxation. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1—28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olken B. A., Singhal M. (2011). Informal taxation. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1—28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winerip M. (2003). On education: Giving green or turning red. The New York Times, Feb. 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winerip M. (2003). On education: Giving green or turning red. The New York Times, Feb. 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
