voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-11-36voprecotest-2132Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYЭкономический рост: Нобелевская премия 2018 года и уроки для РоссииEconomic growth: Nobel prize in economic sciences 2018 and the lessons for Russiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8049-1617ЗамулинО. А.ZamulinO. A.

Замулин Олег Александрович, PhD, проф., декан факультета экономических наук НИУ ВШЭ

Москва

Oleg A. Zamulin

Moscow

ozamulin@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-9951СонинК. И.SoninK. I.

Сонин Константин Исаакович, к. ф.-м. н., проф. Чикагского университета (Чикаго, США) и НИУ ВШЭ (Москва)

Konstantin I. Sonin

ksonin@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Чикагский университетРоссияNational Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow); University of Chicago (Chicago, IL, United States)Russian Federation201914012019011136Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20192019Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2132

В статье рассматриваются эволюция теории экономического роста и вклад нобелевских лауреатов 2018 г. Пола Ромера и Уильяма Нордхауса в эту теорию. Сначала описывается теория экзогенного роста 1950—1960-х годов — модели Солоу, Рамсея и перекрывающихся поколений, в которых рост связан с экзогенно заданным техническим прогрессом. Затем представлен вклад нобелевских лауреатов в теорию эндогенного роста. В модели Ромера технический прогресс происходит в результате действий фирм по внедрению новых продуктов; в модели Нордхауса производство наносит ущерб окружающей среде, который, в свою очередь, подавляет экономический рост. В обоих случаях производство порождает внешние эффекты для роста, положительные либо отрицательные. Далее обсуждаются позднейшие теории роста, такие как шумпетерианская теория, объединенная теория, институциональная теория. В заключение сделаны прикладные выводы о необходимых мерах для стимулирования экономического роста в России.

The article discusses the evolution of the theory of long-run economic growth and the contribution of the 2018 Nobel prize winners Paul Romer and William Nordhaus. First, it describes the exogenous growth theory of the 1950s and 1960s, such as the Solow model, the Ramsey model, and the overlapping generations model, in which growth is determined by exogenously given technological progress. Then the paper turns to the contribution of the Nobel laureates, who were the first ones to develop the theory of endogenous growth. In the case of the Romer model, technological progress is the result of intentional actions of firms, which introduce new products and thereby raise the overall productivity. In case of the Nordhaus model, production causes environmental damage, which then stifles further growth. In both cases production causes externalities, which have either positive or negative effect on growth. Then, the article considers further developments in the theory of economic growth, such as the Schumpeterian theory , unified growth theory, and institutional theory. The paper concludes with some practical implications about policies needed to reignite the growth of the Russian economy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.