voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2003-6-22-37voprecotest-2037Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYНормы права и свобода в новых демократических государствах: концепция Джеймса МэдисонаThe Rule of Law and Freedom in Emerging Democracies: A Madisonian PerspectiveДорнДж.DornJ.

профессор Университета Тоусон, вице президент Института Катона

Университет Тоусон; Институт КатонаСоединённые Штаты АмерикиTowson University; Cato InstituteUnited States200320062003062237Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20032003Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2037

В статье рассматриваются основные принципы либерального конституционного порядка Джеймса Мэдисона - "главного архитектора" конституции США. Особо подчеркивается, что Мэдисон отвергал идею перераспределительного государства и делал главный акцент на ограничении функций правительства. Доминирующий конституционный принцип - свобода, подчиненная нормам права. Основной урок, который могут извлечь для себя новые демократические государства, состоит в том, что для координации экономической деятельности в стране нужно поддерживать спонтанный либерально-рыночный порядок (по Хайеку), при этом правительство должно играть минимальную роль в экономике. Свобода выбора позволит людям увеличивать благосостояние нации.

The basic principles of liberal constitutional order proposed by James Madison - the "chief architect" of the U.S. Constitution - are considered in the article. It is stressed that Madison rejected the idea of redistributive state (welfare state) and focused on the limits of government. The overriding principle of liberal order is freedom under the rule of law. The lesson for newly independent states is that spontaneous market-liberal order is needed to coordinate economic activity and the government must minimize its role in the economy. Freedom of choice lets people rise the wealth of nation.

либерализмконституцияправительствоспонтанный порядокliberalismconstitutiongovernmentspontaneous orderReferencesBarro R. Democracy and Growth // Journal of Economic Growth, 1996, No 1, March, p. 1-27.Barro R. Democracy and Growth // Journal of Economic Growth, 1996, No 1, March, p. 1-27.Barro R. Determinants of Democracy. A paper presented to the Mont Pelerin Society, Vienna, Austria, September 10, 1996.Barro R. Determinants of Democracy. A paper presented to the Mont Pelerin Society, Vienna, Austria, September 10, 1996.Buchanan J. Socialism Is Dead but Leviathan Lives On. In: Buchanan J. The Logical Foundations of Constitutional Liberty, vol. 1 of The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1999.Buchanan J. Socialism Is Dead but Leviathan Lives On. In: Buchanan J. The Logical Foundations of Constitutional Liberty, vol. 1 of The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1999.Buchanan J. What Should Economists Do? Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1979.Buchanan J. What Should Economists Do? Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1979.Burns E. James Madison: Philosopher of the Constitution. New York: Octagon Books, 1968.Burns E. James Madison: Philosopher of the Constitution. New York: Octagon Books, 1968.Dorn J. Equality: A Constitutional Perspective. In: The Political Legitimacy of Markets and Governments. T. Dye (ed.). Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1990.Dorn J. Equality: A Constitutional Perspective. In: The Political Legitimacy of Markets and Governments. T. Dye (ed.). Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, 1990.Dorn J. Madison’s Constitutional Political Economy: Principles for a Liberal Order // Constitutional Political Economy, 1991, No 2, 163-186.Dorn J. Madison’s Constitutional Political Economy: Principles for a Liberal Order // Constitutional Political Economy, 1991, No 2, 163-186.Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties, 1999-2000.Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights & Civil Liberties, 1999-2000.Friedman M. Economic Freedom, Human Freedom, Political Freedom. The Smith Center for Private Enterprise Studies, Inaugural Lecture, November 1, 1991.Friedman M. Economic Freedom, Human Freedom, Political Freedom. The Smith Center for Private Enterprise Studies, Inaugural Lecture, November 1, 1991.Gwartney J., Holcombe R., Lawson R. The Scope of Government and the Wealth of Nations // Cato Journal, 1998, vol. 18, p. 163-190.Gwartney J., Holcombe R., Lawson R. The Scope of Government and the Wealth of Nations // Cato Journal, 1998, vol. 18, p. 163-190.Havel V. Summer Meditations. London: Faber and Faber, 1992.Havel V. Summer Meditations. London: Faber and Faber, 1992.Hayek F. The Constitution of Liberty. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.Hayek F. The Constitution of Liberty. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.Hayek F. The Principles of a Liberal Social Order. In: Hayek F. Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.Hayek F. The Principles of a Liberal Social Order. In: Hayek F. Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.Hayward, Calif., The Smith Center for Private Enterprise Studies, 1992, p. 7.Hayward, Calif., The Smith Center for Private Enterprise Studies, 1992, p. 7.Hoskins L., Eiras A. Property Rights: The Key to Economic Growth. In: 2002 Index of Economic Freedom. O’Driscoll G., Jr., Holmes K., O’Grady M. (eds.). Washington and New York: The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal, 2002, pp. 37-48.Hoskins L., Eiras A. Property Rights: The Key to Economic Growth. In: 2002 Index of Economic Freedom. O’Driscoll G., Jr., Holmes K., O’Grady M. (eds.). Washington and New York: The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal, 2002, pp. 37-48.Hu J. The Nondesignability of Living Systems: A Lesson from the Failed Experiments in Socialist Countries // Cato Journal, 1991, vol. 11.Hu J. The Nondesignability of Living Systems: A Lesson from the Failed Experiments in Socialist Countries // Cato Journal, 1991, vol. 11.Karatnycky A. , Motyl A., Aili P. (eds.). New York: Freedom House, 2000.Karatnycky A. , Motyl A., Aili P. (eds.). New York: Freedom House, 2000.Ketcham R. James Madison: A Biography. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990.Ketcham R. James Madison: A Biography. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990.Hoskins L., Eiras A. I. Property Rights: The Key to Economic Growth. In: Gerald P. O’ Driscoll, Jr., Kim R. Holmes, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, eds., 2002 Index of Economic Freedom. Washington and New York: The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal, 2002.Hoskins L., Eiras A. I. Property Rights: The Key to Economic Growth. In: Gerald P. O’ Driscoll, Jr., Kim R. Holmes, and Mary Anastasia O’Grady, eds., 2002 Index of Economic Freedom. Washington and New York: The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal, 2002.Madison J. [Letter] to James Robertson, April 20, 1831. In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865, p. 171-172.Madison J. [Letter] to James Robertson, April 20, 1831. In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865, p. 171-172.Madison J. Charters. In: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 14, April 6, 1791-March 6, 1793. R. Rutland et al., (eds.). Charlottesville, University Press of Virginia, 1983.Madison J. Charters. In: The Papers of James Madison, vol. 14, April 6, 1791-March 6, 1793. R. Rutland et al., (eds.). Charlottesville, University Press of Virginia, 1983.Madison J. Letter to Thomas Cooper, March 22, 1824. In: The Complete Madison: His Basic Writings, p. 273.Madison J. Letter to Thomas Cooper, March 22, 1824. In: The Complete Madison: His Basic Writings, p. 273.Madison J. Notes on Suffrage (1829). In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Notes on Suffrage (1829). In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Notes on Suffrage. In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Notes on Suffrage. In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Property (1792). In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 6, 1790-1802. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Property (1792). In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 6, 1790-1802. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States // The Federalist, 1788, No. 44. January 25.Madison J. Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States // The Federalist, 1788, No. 44. January 25.Madison J. Speech in First Congress, April 9, 1789. In: The Complete Madison: His Basic Writings. S. Padover (ed.). New York: Harper and Bros., 1953, p. 269-70.Madison J. Speech in First Congress, April 9, 1789. In: The Complete Madison: His Basic Writings. S. Padover (ed.). New York: Harper and Bros., 1953, p. 269-70.Madison J. Speech in the Virginia State Convention of 1829-1830 on the Question of the Ratio of Representation in the Two Branches of the Legislature, December 2, 1829. In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Speech in the Virginia State Convention of 1829-1830 on the Question of the Ratio of Representation in the Two Branches of the Legislature, December 2, 1829. In: Letters and Other Writings of James Madison, vol. 4, 1829-1836. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1865.Madison J. Speech in Virginia Convention, June 20, 1788. In: The Complete Madison: His Basic Writings. S. Padover (ed.). New York: Harper and Bros., 1953, p. 48-49.Madison J. Speech in Virginia Convention, June 20, 1788. In: The Complete Madison: His Basic Writings. S. Padover (ed.). New York: Harper and Bros., 1953, p. 48-49.Madison J. The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts // The Federalist, 1788, No. 47. January 30.Madison J. The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts // The Federalist, 1788, No. 47. January 30.Niskanen W. A Constitutional Approach to Taxes and Transfers // Cato Journal, 1986, No 6.Niskanen W. A Constitutional Approach to Taxes and Transfers // Cato Journal, 1986, No 6.Pilon R. A Constitution of Liberty for China. In: China in the New Millennium: Market Reforms and Social Development. Dorn J. (ed.). Washington, DC:, Cato Institute, 1998.Pilon R. A Constitution of Liberty for China. In: China in the New Millennium: Market Reforms and Social Development. Dorn J. (ed.). Washington, DC:, Cato Institute, 1998.Smith A. Of Jurisprudence (1762). In: Lectures on Jurisprudence. R. Meek, D. Raphael, P. Stein (eds.). Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1982.Smith A. Of Jurisprudence (1762). In: Lectures on Jurisprudence. R. Meek, D. Raphael, P. Stein (eds.). Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1982.Social Theories of Jacksonian Democracy: Representative Writings of the Period 1825-1850. Blau J. (ed.). New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1954, p. 28.Social Theories of Jacksonian Democracy: Representative Writings of the Period 1825-1850. Blau J. (ed.). New York: Liberal Arts Press, 1954, p. 28.The Writings of James Madison, vol. 6, 1790-1802. Ed. By G. Hunt. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1906.The Writings of James Madison, vol. 6, 1790-1802. Ed. By G. Hunt. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1906.Tsypko A. Revitalization of Socialism or Restoration of Capitalism? // Cato Journal, 1991, vol. 11.Tsypko A. Revitalization of Socialism or Restoration of Capitalism? // Cato Journal, 1991, vol. 11.См., например: Barro R. Determinants of Economic Growth. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997.См., например: Barro R. Determinants of Economic Growth. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1997.См.: Pilon R. On the First Principles of Constitutionalism: Liberty, then Democracy // American University Journal of International Law and Policy, 1992/93, vol. 8, Winter/Spring, p. 531-549.См.: Pilon R. On the First Principles of Constitutionalism: Liberty, then Democracy // American University Journal of International Law and Policy, 1992/93, vol. 8, Winter/Spring, p. 531-549.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.