<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2003-4-135-157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-2026</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IN AID TO THE LECTURER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теория общественного выбора. Учебно-методическое пособие. Глава 9. Экономика бюрократии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Choice Theory. A Textbook. Chapter 9. Economics of Bureaucracy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуреев</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nureev</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, ординарный профессор</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ-ВШЭ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State University - Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2003</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2003</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2003</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2003</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2026">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/2026</self-uri><abstract><p>В девятой главе учебника рассматриваются основные черты современной теории бюрократии. Анализируются модели бюрократии, разработанные У. Нисканеном, Г. Таллоком, А. Бретоном, Г. Бреннаном и Дж. Бьюкененом. Описываются группы специальных интересов. Охарактеризован механизм лоббирования. Определены понятия поиска ренты (рентоориентированного поведения) и коррупции. В главе также содержатся учебно-методические материалы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The main features of the economics of bureaucracy are considered in the ninth chapter of the textbook. The models of bureaucracy behavior created by W. Niskanen, G. Tullock, A. Breton, G. Brennan and J. Buchanan are analyzed. Special interests groups are distinguished. The mechanism of lobbying is characterized. The concepts of rent-seeking and corruption are defined. The chapter also includes further readings, control tests and questions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория общественного выбора</kwd><kwd>бюрократия</kwd><kwd>группы специальных интересов</kwd><kwd>лоббирование</kwd><kwd>рентоориентированное поведение</kwd><kwd>коррупция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pubic choice theory</kwd><kwd>bureaucracy</kwd><kwd>special interests groups</kwd><kwd>lobbying</kwd><kwd>rent-seeking</kwd><kwd>corruption</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аравина Т., Кузнецов Ю. Лоббизм: национальные образцы и степень социальной приемлемости // Социологические исследования, 2000, № 9, с. 59-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аравина Т., Кузнецов Ю. Лоббизм: национальные образцы и степень социальной приемлемости // Социологические исследования, 2000, № 9, с. 59-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аткинсон Э., Стиглиц Дж. Лекции по экономической теории государственного сектора. М.: Аспект Пресс, 1995 [1980].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аткинсон Э., Стиглиц Дж. Лекции по экономической теории государственного сектора. М.: Аспект Пресс, 1995 [1980].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бюро экономического анализа. Публичные услуги и функции государственного управления / Под. ред. А. Шаститко. М.: ТЕИС, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бюро экономического анализа. Публичные услуги и функции государственного управления / Под. ред. А. Шаститко. М.: ТЕИС, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вершовский М. А другого глобуса у вас нет? М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вершовский М. А другого глобуса у вас нет? М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вяткин К. Лоббизм по-немецки // Политические исследования, 1993, № 1, с. 179-183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вяткин К. Лоббизм по-немецки // Политические исследования, 1993, № 1, с. 179-183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">де Сото Э. Иной путь. Невидимая революция в третьем мире. М.: Catallaxy, 1995, с. 303-314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">де Сото Э. Иной путь. Невидимая революция в третьем мире. М.: Catallaxy, 1995, с. 303-314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заостровцев А. Экономическая теория бюрократии по Нисканену // Экономическая школа. Аналитическое приложение, 2002, т. 1, № 1, с. 148-180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Заостровцев А. Экономическая теория бюрократии по Нисканену // Экономическая школа. Аналитическое приложение, 2002, т. 1, № 1, с. 148-180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заостровцев А. Экономическая теория бюрократии по Нисканену // Экономическая школа. Аналитическое приложение 2002, т. 1, № 1, с. 148-180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Заостровцев А. Экономическая теория бюрократии по Нисканену // Экономическая школа. Аналитическое приложение 2002, т. 1, № 1, с. 148-180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьминов Я. Тезисы о коррупции. М.: ГУ-ВШЭ, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кузьминов Я. Тезисы о коррупции. М.: ГУ-ВШЭ, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин М., Цирик М. Коррупция как объект математического моделирования // Экономика и математические методы, 1998, т. 34, № 3, с. 40-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин М., Цирик М. Коррупция как объект математического моделирования // Экономика и математические методы, 1998, т. 34, № 3, с. 40-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин М., Цирик М. Математические модели коррупции // Экономика и математические методы, 1998, т. 34, № 4, с. 34-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин М., Цирик М. Математические модели коррупции // Экономика и математические методы, 1998, т. 34, № 4, с. 34-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лоббизм в России: этапы большого пути // Социологические исследования, 1996, № 3, 54-62; № 4, с. 3-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лоббизм в России: этапы большого пути // Социологические исследования, 1996, № 3, 54-62; № 4, с. 3-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мизес Л., Бюрократия. Запланированный хаос. Антикапиталистическая ментальность. М.: Дело, 1993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мизес Л., Бюрократия. Запланированный хаос. Антикапиталистическая ментальность. М.: Дело, 1993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нуреев Р. Курс микроэкономики. М.: Норма-Инфра-М, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нуреев Р. Курс микроэкономики. М.: Норма-Инфра-М, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олсон М. Возвышение и упадок народов. Экономический рост, стагфляция и социальный склероз. Новосибирск: ЭКОР, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Олсон М. Возвышение и упадок народов. Экономический рост, стагфляция и социальный склероз. Новосибирск: ЭКОР, 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олсон М. Логика коллективных действий. Общественные блага и теория групп. М.: Фонд экономической инициативы, 1995 [1965].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Олсон М. Логика коллективных действий. Общественные блага и теория групп. М.: Фонд экономической инициативы, 1995 [1965].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олсон М. Рассредоточение власти и общество в переходный период. Лекарства от коррупции, распада и замедления темпов экономического роста // Экономика и математические методы, 1995, т. 31. № 4, с. 53-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Олсон М. Рассредоточение власти и общество в переходный период. Лекарства от коррупции, распада и замедления темпов экономического роста // Экономика и математические методы, 1995, т. 31. № 4, с. 53-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ослунд А. Рентоориентированное поведение в российской переходной экономике // Вопросы экономики, 1996, № 8, с. 99-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ослунд А. Рентоориентированное поведение в российской переходной экономике // Вопросы экономики, 1996, № 8, с. 99-108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паркинсон С. Закон Паркинсона. Сборник М.: Прогресс, 1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Паркинсон С. Закон Паркинсона. Сборник М.: Прогресс, 1989.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Питер Л. Принцип Питера или почему дела идут вкривь и вкось. М.: Прогресс, 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Питер Л. Принцип Питера или почему дела идут вкривь и вкось. М.: Прогресс, 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Политическая рента в рыночной и переходной экономке. Реферативный сборник. М.: ИМЭМО, 1995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Политическая рента в рыночной и переходной экономке. Реферативный сборник. М.: ИМЭМО, 1995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Политическая система США: Актуальные измерения. М.: Наука, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Политическая система США: Актуальные измерения. М.: Наука, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полтерович В. Факторы коррупции // Экономика и математические методы, 1998, т. 34, № 3, с. 30-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Полтерович В. Факторы коррупции // Экономика и математические методы, 1998, т. 34, № 3, с. 30-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савельев В. США: сенат и политика. М.: Мысль, 1976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Савельев В. США: сенат и политика. М.: Мысль, 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стиглиц Дж. Экономика государственного сектора. М, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Стиглиц Дж. Экономика государственного сектора. М, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хайек Ф. Общество свободных. Лондон, 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Хайек Ф. Общество свободных. Лондон, 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якобсон Л. Экономика общественного сектора: основы теории государственных финансов. М.: Наука, 1995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Якобсон Л. Экономика общественного сектора: основы теории государственных финансов. М.: Наука, 1995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allard R. The Measurability of Budget Related Rent-Seeking // Public Choice, 1995, vol. 85, No 3-4, p. 389-394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allard R. The Measurability of Budget Related Rent-Seeking // Public Choice, 1995, vol. 85, No 3-4, p. 389-394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson G., Boettke P. Soviet Venality: A Rent-Seeking Model of the Communist State // Public Choice, 1997, vol. 93, No 1-2, p. 37-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson G., Boettke P. Soviet Venality: A Rent-Seeking Model of the Communist State // Public Choice, 1997, vol. 93, No 1-2, p. 37-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bardhan P. Corruption and Development: A Review of Issues // Journal of Economic Literature, 1997, vol. 34, p. 1320-1346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bardhan P. Corruption and Development: A Review of Issues // Journal of Economic Literature, 1997, vol. 34, p. 1320-1346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bicchierr C., Rovelli C. Evolution and Revolution. The Dynamics of Corruption // Rationality and Society, 1996, vol. 7, No 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bicchierr C., Rovelli C. Evolution and Revolution. The Dynamics of Corruption // Rationality and Society, 1996, vol. 7, No 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanchard O., Kremer M. Disorganization. Preprint. Cambridge: MIT and NBER. 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanchard O., Kremer M. Disorganization. Preprint. Cambridge: MIT and NBER. 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brennan G., Buchanan J.M. The Power to Tax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brennan G., Buchanan J.M. The Power to Tax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breton A. The Economic Theory of Representative Government. London: Macmillan Press, 1974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breton A. The Economic Theory of Representative Government. London: Macmillan Press, 1974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchanan J. Rent Seeking and Profit Seeking. In: Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society. Ed. By J. Buchanan, D. Tollison and G. Tullock. College Station, TX: Texas A&amp;M Press, 1980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchanan J. Rent Seeking and Profit Seeking. In: Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society. Ed. By J. Buchanan, D. Tollison and G. Tullock. College Station, TX: Texas A&amp;M Press, 1980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chicago Studies in Political Economy. Ed. by G. Stigler. Chicago, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chicago Studies in Political Economy. Ed. by G. Stigler. Chicago, 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooter R. The Optimal Number of Governments for Economic Development. A paper presented to American Law and Economics Association Annual Meeting. New Haven, May 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooter R. The Optimal Number of Governments for Economic Development. A paper presented to American Law and Economics Association Annual Meeting. New Haven, May 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooter R. The Strategic Constitution. Princeton University Press, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooter R. The Strategic Constitution. Princeton University Press, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Downs A. Inside Bureaucracy. Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Downs A. Inside Bureaucracy. Boston: Little, Brown, 1967.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drazen A. Political Economy in Macroeconomics. Princeton University Press, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drazen A. Political Economy in Macroeconomics. Princeton University Press, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durden G., Willsaps S. James Buchanan's Contributions to Social and Economic Thought: Citation Counts, Self-Assessment and Peer Review // Constitutional Political Economy, 1996, No 7, p. 133-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durden G., Willsaps S. James Buchanan's Contributions to Social and Economic Thought: Citation Counts, Self-Assessment and Peer Review // Constitutional Political Economy, 1996, No 7, p. 133-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelb A., Hillman A., Ursprung H. Rents and the Transition. Background paper, World Bank Development Report, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelb A., Hillman A., Ursprung H. Rents and the Transition. Background paper, World Bank Development Report, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunning P. Understanding Democracy: An Introduction to Public Choice. Mimeo, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunning P. Understanding Democracy: An Introduction to Public Choice. Mimeo, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson D. Public Choice. An Introduction to the New Political Economy. Bristlecone Books, 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson D. Public Choice. An Introduction to the New Political Economy. Bristlecone Books, 1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knack S. Aid Dependence and Quality of Governance: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis. 2000, World Bank Working Paper No 221. http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/wps2396.htm.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knack S. Aid Dependence and Quality of Governance: A Cross-Country Empirical Analysis. 2000, World Bank Working Paper No 221. http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/governance/pubs/wps2396.htm.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krueger A. The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society // American Economic Review, 1974, vol.64, No 3, p. 291-303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krueger A. The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society // American Economic Review, 1974, vol.64, No 3, p. 291-303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McNutt P. The Economics of Public Choice, 2nd ed. Edward Elgar, 2002, ch. 6, 7, p. 124-222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McNutt P. The Economics of Public Choice, 2nd ed. Edward Elgar, 2002, ch. 6, 7, p. 124-222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meltzer A., Richard S. A Rational Theory of the Size of Government // Journal of Political Economy, 1981, vol. 89, p. 914-927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meltzer A., Richard S. A Rational Theory of the Size of Government // Journal of Political Economy, 1981, vol. 89, p. 914-927.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meltzer A., Richard S. Tests of a Rational Theory of Government, with comment of Gordon Tullock // Public Choice, 1983, vol. 41, No 3, p. 403-421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meltzer A., Richard S. Tests of a Rational Theory of Government, with comment of Gordon Tullock // Public Choice, 1983, vol. 41, No 3, p. 403-421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Migue J. , Belandger G. Towards a General Theory of Managerial Discretion // Public Choice, 1974, vol. 17, p. 27-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Migue J. , Belandger G. Towards a General Theory of Managerial Discretion // Public Choice, 1974, vol. 17, p. 27-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller D. Public Choice II. A revisited edition of Public Choice. Cambridge University Press, 1995 [1989].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller D. Public Choice II. A revisited edition of Public Choice. Cambridge University Press, 1995 [1989].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller D. The Growth of Government. IMF Staff Papers 34, March 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller D. The Growth of Government. IMF Staff Papers 34, March 1987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niskanen W. Bureaucracy and Public Economics 2nd ed. Vermont: Edward Elges, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niskanen W. Bureaucracy and Public Economics 2nd ed. Vermont: Edward Elges, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niskanen W. Bureaucracy and Public Economics. Hants: Aldershot; Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niskanen W. Bureaucracy and Public Economics. Hants: Aldershot; Brookfield, VT: Edward Elgar, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niskanen W. Bureaucracy and Representative Government. Chicago, IL: Adline-Atherton, 1971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niskanen W. Bureaucracy and Representative Government. Chicago, IL: Adline-Atherton, 1971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niskanen W. Policy Analysis and Public Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niskanen W. Policy Analysis and Public Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">North D., Wallis J. American Government Expenditures // American Economic Review, 1982, vol. 72, No 5, p. 336-340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">North D., Wallis J. American Government Expenditures // American Economic Review, 1982, vol. 72, No 5, p. 336-340.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nutt P. The Economics of Public Choice, 2nd ed. Edward Elgar, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nutt P. The Economics of Public Choice, 2nd ed. Edward Elgar, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olson M. Power and Prosperity. Outgrowing Communistic and Capitalist Dictatorship. New York: Basic Books, 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olson M. Power and Prosperity. Outgrowing Communistic and Capitalist Dictatorship. New York: Basic Books, 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parker G. Congress and the Rent-Seeking Society. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parker G. Congress and the Rent-Seeking Society. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perspectives on Public Choice: А Handbook. Ed. by D. Mueller. Cambridge University Press, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perspectives on Public Choice: А Handbook. Ed. by D. Mueller. Cambridge University Press, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pommerehne W., Schneider F. Unbalanced Growth Between Public and Private Sectors. In: Public Finance and Public Employment. Ed. by R. Haveman. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1982, р. 309-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pommerehne W., Schneider F. Unbalanced Growth Between Public and Private Sectors. In: Public Finance and Public Employment. Ed. by R. Haveman. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1982, р. 309-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Public Choice and Constitutional Economics. Ed. by J. Gwartney, R. Wagner. London, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Public Choice and Constitutional Economics. Ed. by J. Gwartney, R. Wagner. London, 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Readings in Public Sector Economics. Ed. by S. Baker, C. Elliot. Toronto: Health and Company, 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Readings in Public Sector Economics. Ed. by S. Baker, C. Elliot. Toronto: Health and Company, 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swamy A., Lee Y., Knack S., Azfar O. Gender and Corruption. А paper presented to Third Annual Conference of ISNIE, September 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swamy A., Lee Y., Knack S., Azfar O. Gender and Corruption. А paper presented to Third Annual Conference of ISNIE, September 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Elgar Companion to Public Choice. Ed. by W. Shughart II and L. Razzolini. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Elgar Companion to Public Choice. Ed. by W. Shughart II and L. Razzolini. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Political Economy of Rent-Seeking. Ed. by Ch. Rowley, R. Tollison, G. Tullock. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Political Economy of Rent-Seeking. Ed. by Ch. Rowley, R. Tollison, G. Tullock. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tullock G. The Politics of Bureaucracy. Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tullock G. The Politics of Bureaucracy. Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1965.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tullock, G. Dynamic hypothesis on bureaucracy // Public Choice, 1974, Vol. 19, P. 127-131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tullock, G. Dynamic hypothesis on bureaucracy // Public Choice, 1974, Vol. 19, P. 127-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
