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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-4-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-1940</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГОСУДАРСТВО И ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STATE AND ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Государственная нагрузка на экономику</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>State Burden on the Economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдар</surname><given-names>Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaidar</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, директор</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экономики переходного периода</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for the Economy in Transition</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2004</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2004</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2004</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1940">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1940</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается весьма актуальный в настоящее время вопрос о пределах государственной нагрузки на экономику. Автор отмечает, что в странах — лидерах экономического роста в XIX в. масштабы налогообложения были минимальными (примерно 8% ВВП). Во время первой мировой войны налогообложение резко увеличивается. Экономический кризис 1930-х годов расширяет масштабы вмешательства государства в экономику. Наиболее быстрый рост налогов наблюдается во время второй мировой войны, а в послевоенный период попыток снизить налоговое бремя почти не предпринимается. Государственная нагрузка на экономику продолжала расти вплоть до конца 1980-х годов (до 50% ВВП и выше), либеральные тенденции смогли лишь остановить рост налогов. В социалистических странах налоговая нагрузка была традиционно высока — на уровне, близком к 50% ВВП, то есть предельным для наиболее развитых стран. В восточноевропейских странах она остается на высоком уровне, в том числе вследствие необходимости выполнять социальные обязательства, присущие странам ЕС. В странах СНГ трансформационный кризис был продолжительнее, налоговое бремя зафиксировалось на более низком уровне. Вопрос о непосредственном влиянии государственных расходов на темпы экономического роста остается пока нерешенным, однако для каждого уровня душевого ВВП существуют пределы налогообложения, при приближении к которым рост тормозится.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The question of limits of state burden on the economy is considered in the article. In the countries — leaders of economic growth in XIX century taxation was minimal (approximately 8% of GDP). But during the First World War it sharply increased. The economic crisis of the 1930s expanded scales of intervention of the state in the economy. The fastest growth of taxes was observed during the Second World War and in the post-war period attempts to lower tax burden were not undertaken. State burden on the economy continued to grow up to the end of the 1980's (up to 50% of GDP and more) and modern liberal tendencies could only slow down the growth of taxes. In socialist countries tax burden was traditionally high — close to 50% of GDP, that is the limit for developed countries. In East-European countries it remains at a high level, also due to the necessity to carry out social obligations inherent to EU. In the CIS countries the transformational crisis lasted longer, so tax burden was fixed at lower level. The question of direct influence of state expenditures on rates of economic growth remains unsolved but there are limits of taxation for each level of per capita GDP: when taxes reach them rates of growth slow down.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>налогообложение</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>state</kwd><kwd>taxation</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">де Токвиль А. Демократия в Америке. М.: Прогресс, 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">де Токвиль А. Демократия в Америке. М.: Прогресс, 1992.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Илларионов А. Пивоварова Н. 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