voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2016-2-128-140voprecotest-167Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ СООБЩЕНИЯRESEARCH NOTESТеоретико-экономический взгляд на языковую политикуLanguage policy: An economics perspectiveКадочниковД. В.KadochnikovD.

к. э.н., доцент факультета свободных искусств и наук СПбГУ; старший научный сотрудник МЦСЭИ «Леонтьевский центр» (Санкт-Петербург)

dkadochnikov@yahoo.comСПбГУ; МЦСЭИ «Леонтьевский центр»РоссияSt. Petersburg State University; Leontief CentreRussian Federation20162002201602128140Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20162016Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/167

Экономическая теория языковой политики трактует язык как экономическое явление, языковую ситуацию - как экономическую, рыночную ситуацию, а языковую политику - как составной элемент экономической политики. В статье представлена попытка систематизации и развития теоретико-методологических аспектов этой перспективной области исследований на стыке экономики и социолингвистики.

Economic theory of language policy treats a language as an economic phenomenon. A language situation is considered to be an economic, or market, situation, while language policy becomes an element of economic policies. The paper aims to systematize and to further develop theoretical and methodological aspects of this promising research field situated between economics and sociolinguistics.

экономика языкаязыковая политикаязыковые барьерырыночные барьерырусский языксоциолингвистикаeconomics of languagelanguage policylanguage barriersmarket barriersRussian languagesociolinguisticsReferencesМарусенко М. (2013). Внутренний языковой империализм США. США-Канада. Экономика, политика, культура. № 10. С. 35-48Marusenko M. (2013). Internal language imperialism of the USA. USA—Canada. Economics, politics, culture, No.10, рр. 35—48. (In Russian).Марусенко М. (2014). Внешний языковой империализм США. США-Канада. Экономика, политика, культура. № 6. С. 31-44Marusenko M. (2014). External language imperialism of the USA. USA—Canada. Economics, politics, culture, No. 6, рр. 31—44. (In Russian).Ager D. (2001). Motivation in language planning and language policy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Ager D. (2001). Motivation in language planning and language policy. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Benito G., Gripsrud G. (1992). The expansion of foreign direct investments: Discrete rational location choices or a cultural learning process? Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 23, No. 3, рр. 461-476.Benito G., Gripsrud G. (1992). The expansion of foreign direct investments: Discrete rational location choices or a cultural learning process? Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 23, No. 3, рр. 461-476.Blommaert J. (2012). The sociolinguistics of globalization. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press.Blommaert J. (2012). The sociolinguistics of globalization. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press.Casey T., Dustmann C. (2008). Intergenerational transmission of language capital and economic outcomes. Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 43, No. 3, рр. 660-687.Casey T., Dustmann C. (2008). Intergenerational transmission of language capital and economic outcomes. Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 43, No. 3, рр. 660-687.Ceglowski J. (2006). Does gravity matter in a service economy? Review of World Economics, Vol. 142, No. 2, рр. 307-329.Ceglowski J. (2006). Does gravity matter in a service economy? Review of World Economics, Vol. 142, No. 2, рр. 307-329.Chiswick B., Miller P. (1996). Ethnic networks and language proficiency among immigrants. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, рр. 19-35.Chiswick B., Miller P. (1996). Ethnic networks and language proficiency among immigrants. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1, рр. 19-35.Chiswick B., Miller P. (2002). Immigrant earnings: Language skills, linguistic concentrations and the business cycle. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 15, No. 1, рр. 31-57.Chiswick B., Miller P. (2002). Immigrant earnings: Language skills, linguistic concentrations and the business cycle. Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 15, No. 1, рр. 31-57.Chong A., Guillen J., Rios V. (2010). Language nuances, trust and economic growth. Public Choice, Vol. 143, No. ½, рр. 191-208.Chong A., Guillen J., Rios V. (2010). Language nuances, trust and economic growth. Public Choice, Vol. 143, No. ½, рр. 191-208.Clarke W. (1999). An assessment of foreign language training for English-speaking exporters. Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 23, No. 1, рр. 9-15.Clarke W. (1999). An assessment of foreign language training for English-speaking exporters. Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 23, No. 1, рр. 9-15.Coulmas F. (2013). Sociolinguistics: The study of speakers’ choices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Coulmas F. (2013). Sociolinguistics: The study of speakers’ choices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Cunningham M., Spigel R. (1971). A study in successful exporting. British Journal of Marketing, Vol. 5, No. 1, рр. 2-12.Cunningham M., Spigel R. (1971). A study in successful exporting. British Journal of Marketing, Vol. 5, No. 1, рр. 2-12.Disdier A., Tai S., Fontagné L., Mayer T. (2010). Bilateral trade of cultural goods. Review of World Economics, Vol. 145, No. 4, рр. 575-595.Disdier A., Tai S., Fontagné L., Mayer T. (2010). Bilateral trade of cultural goods. Review of World Economics, Vol. 145, No. 4, рр. 575-595.Fishman J. (1968). Some contrasts between linguistically homogeneous and linguistically heterogeneous polities. In: J. Fishman, C. Ferguson, J. Das Gupta (eds.). Language problems of developing nations. N. Y.: Wiley, рр. 53-68.Fishman J. (1968). Some contrasts between linguistically homogeneous and linguistically heterogeneous polities. In: J. Fishman, C. Ferguson, J. Das Gupta (eds.). Language problems of developing nations. N. Y.: Wiley, рр. 53-68.Fixman C. (1990). The foreign language needs of U.S.-based corporations. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 511, September, рр. 25-46.Fixman C. (1990). The foreign language needs of U.S.-based corporations. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 511, September, рр. 25-46.Gabszewicz J., Ginsburgh V., Weber S. (2011). Bilingualism and communicative benefits. Annals of Economics and Statistics, No 101/102, рр. 271-286.Gabszewicz J., Ginsburgh V., Weber S. (2011). Bilingualism and communicative benefits. Annals of Economics and Statistics, No 101/102, рр. 271-286.Gal S. (1989). Language and political economy. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 18, рр. 345-367.Gal S. (1989). Language and political economy. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 18, рр. 345-367.Ginsburgh V., Weber S. (2014). Culture, languages, and economics. In: Ginsburgh V., Throsby D. (eds.). Handbook of the economics of art and culture. North-Holland: Elsevier, рр. 507-539.Ginsburgh V., Weber S. (2014). Culture, languages, and economics. In: Ginsburgh V., Throsby D. (eds.). Handbook of the economics of art and culture. North-Holland: Elsevier, рр. 507-539.Ginsburgh V., Weber S. (2011). How many languages do we need? The Economics of Linguistic Diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Ginsburgh V., Weber S. (2011). How many languages do we need? The Economics of Linguistic Diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Grin F. (1994). The economics of language: Match or mismatch? International Political Science Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, рр. 25-42.Grin F. (1994). The economics of language: Match or mismatch? International Political Science Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, рр. 25-42.He B. (2015). Governing Taiwan and Tibet: Democratic approaches. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.He B. (2015). Governing Taiwan and Tibet: Democratic approaches. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Heller M. (2013). Language as resource in the globalized new economy. In: N. Coupland (ed.). The handbook of language and globalization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blaskwell, рр. 349-365.Heller M. (2013). Language as resource in the globalized new economy. In: N. Coupland (ed.). The handbook of language and globalization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blaskwell, рр. 349-365.Hutchinson W. (2005). “Linguistic distance” as a determinant of bilateral trade. Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 72, No. 1, рр. 1-15.Hutchinson W. (2005). “Linguistic distance” as a determinant of bilateral trade. Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 72, No. 1, рр. 1-15.Isphording I., Otten S. (2013). The costs of Babylon - Linguistic distance in applied economics. Review of International Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2, рр. 354-369.Isphording I., Otten S. (2013). The costs of Babylon - Linguistic distance in applied economics. Review of International Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2, рр. 354-369.Kadochnikov D. (2016). Languages, regional conflicts and economic development: Russia. In: V. Ginsburgh, S. Weber (eds.). The Palgrave handbook of economics and language. N. Y.: Palgrave Macmillan. Ch. 19. [forthcoming].Kadochnikov D. (2016). Languages, regional conflicts and economic development: Russia. In: V. Ginsburgh, S. Weber (eds.). The Palgrave handbook of economics and language. N. Y.: Palgrave Macmillan. Ch. 19. [forthcoming].Kossoudji S. (1988). English language ability and the labor market opportunities of hispanic and East Asian immigrant Men. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 6, No. 2, рр. 205-228.Kossoudji S. (1988). English language ability and the labor market opportunities of hispanic and East Asian immigrant Men. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 6, No. 2, рр. 205-228.Knowles D., Mughan T., Lloyd-Reason L. (2006). Foreign language use among decision-makers of successfully internationalised SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, рр. 620-641.Knowles D., Mughan T., Lloyd-Reason L. (2006). Foreign language use among decision-makers of successfully internationalised SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, рр. 620-641.Laitin D. (1988). Language games. Comparative Politics, Vol. 20, No. 3, рр. 289-302.Laitin D. (1988). Language games. Comparative Politics, Vol. 20, No. 3, рр. 289-302.Laitin D. (1993). The game theory of language regimes. International Political Science Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, рр. 227-239.Laitin D. (1993). The game theory of language regimes. International Political Science Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, рр. 227-239.McAfee R., Mialon H., Williams M. (2004). What is a barrier to entry? American Economic Review, Vol. 94, No. 2, рр. 461-465.McAfee R., Mialon H., Williams M. (2004). What is a barrier to entry? American Economic Review, Vol. 94, No. 2, рр. 461-465.Melitz J. (2008). Language and foreign trade. European Economic Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, рр. 667-699.Melitz J. (2008). Language and foreign trade. European Economic Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, рр. 667-699.Melitz J., Toubal F. (2014). Native language, spoken language, translation and trade. Journal of International Economics, Vol. 93, No. 2, рр. 351-363.Melitz J., Toubal F. (2014). Native language, spoken language, translation and trade. Journal of International Economics, Vol. 93, No. 2, рр. 351-363.Nettle D. (2000). Linguistic fragmentation and the wealth of nations: The Fishman-Pool hypothesis reexamined. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 48, No. 2, рр. 335-348.Nettle D. (2000). Linguistic fragmentation and the wealth of nations: The Fishman-Pool hypothesis reexamined. Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 48, No. 2, рр. 335-348.O’Grady S., Lane H. (1996). The psychic distance paradox. Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, рр. 309-333.O’Grady S., Lane H. (1996). The psychic distance paradox. Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 27, No. 2, рр. 309-333.Oh C., Selmier W., Lien D. (2011). International trade, foreign direct investment, and transaction costs in languages. Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol. 40, No. 6, рр. 732-735.Oh C., Selmier W., Lien D. (2011). International trade, foreign direct investment, and transaction costs in languages. Journal of Socio-Economics, Vol. 40, No. 6, рр. 732-735.Pendakur K., Pendakur R. (2002). Language as both human capital and ethnicity. International Migration Review. Vol. 36, No. 1, рр. 147-177.Pendakur K., Pendakur R. (2002). Language as both human capital and ethnicity. International Migration Review. Vol. 36, No. 1, рр. 147-177.Patten A. (2001). Political theory and language Policy. Political Theory. Vol. 29, No. 5, рр. 691-715.Patten A. (2001). Political theory and language Policy. Political Theory. Vol. 29, No. 5, рр. 691-715.Pool J. (1972). National development and language diversity. In: J. Fishman (ed.). Advances in the Sociology of Language. The Hague: Mouton, Vol. 2. рр. 213-230.Pool J. (1972). National development and language diversity. In: J. Fishman (ed.). Advances in the Sociology of Language. The Hague: Mouton, Vol. 2. рр. 213-230.Reksulak M., Shughart W., Tollison R. (2004). Economics and English: Language growth in economic perspective. Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 71, No. 2, рр. 232-259.Reksulak M., Shughart W., Tollison R. (2004). Economics and English: Language growth in economic perspective. Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 71, No. 2, рр. 232-259.Ricento T. (2013). Language policy and globalization. In: N. Coupland (ed.). The hand-book of language and globalization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blaskwell, рр. 123-141.Ricento T. (2013). Language policy and globalization. In: N. Coupland (ed.). The hand-book of language and globalization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blaskwell, рр. 123-141.Rubinstein A. (2000). Economics and language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Rubinstein A. (2000). Economics and language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Schlegelmilch B., Ross A. (1987). The influence of managerial characteristics on different measures of export success. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, рр. 145-158.Schlegelmilch B., Ross A. (1987). The influence of managerial characteristics on different measures of export success. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, рр. 145-158.Skutnabb-Kangas T., Phillipson R. (2013). The global politics of language: Markets, maintenance, marginalization, or murder? In: N. Coupland (ed). The handbook of language and globalization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blaskwell, рр. 77-100.Skutnabb-Kangas T., Phillipson R. (2013). The global politics of language: Markets, maintenance, marginalization, or murder? In: N. Coupland (ed). The handbook of language and globalization. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blaskwell, рр. 77-100.Stoian M. (2007). Managerial determinants and their influence upon the export behavior of the firm: Four case-studies of catalan exporting SMEs. Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona.Stoian M. (2007). Managerial determinants and their influence upon the export behavior of the firm: Four case-studies of catalan exporting SMEs. Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona.Tubergen F., Kalmijn M. (2009). A dynamic approach to the determinants of immigrants’ language proficiency: The United States, 1980-2000. International Migration Review, Vol. 43, No. 3, рр. 519-543.Tubergen F., Kalmijn M. (2009). A dynamic approach to the determinants of immigrants’ language proficiency: The United States, 1980-2000. International Migration Review, Vol. 43, No. 3, рр. 519-543.Van Parijs P. (2000). The ground floor of the world: On the socio-economic consequences of linguistic globalization. International Political Science Review, Vol. 21, No. 2, рр. 217-233.Van Parijs P. (2000). The ground floor of the world: On the socio-economic consequences of linguistic globalization. International Political Science Review, Vol. 21, No. 2, рр. 217-233.Welch D., Welch L., Piekkari R. (2005). Speaking in tongues: The importance of language in international management processes. International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 35, No. 1, рр. 10-27.Welch D., Welch L., Piekkari R. (2005). Speaking in tongues: The importance of language in international management processes. International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 35, No. 1, рр. 10-27.Welch D., Welch L. (2008). The importance of language in international knowledge transfer. MIR: Management International Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, рр. 339-360.Welch D., Welch L. (2008). The importance of language in international knowledge transfer. MIR: Management International Review, Vol. 48, No. 3, рр. 339-360.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.