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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2007-2-85-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-1570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ОТРАСЛЕВЫХ РЫНКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Быстрые» фирмы и эволюция российской экономики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fast Growing Firms ("Gazelles") and the Evolution of Russian Economy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юданов</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudanov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовая академия при Правительстве РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2007</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1570">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1570</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья основывается на результатах эмпирического исследования быстрорастущих фирм в России. Несмотря на резкие колебания экономической ситуации в переходной экономике, динамика оборота многих из этих фирм поразительно хорошо аппроксимируется экспоненциальным трендом (R2 = 0,99). Предложено объяснение экспоненциального роста как следствия нахождения «быстрой» фирмы в такой рыночной нише, где практически отсутствуют спросовые ограничения (спрос намного превышает предложение). Утверждается, что в молодой экономике, подобной российской, указанные ниши (назревшие, но неудовлетворенные потребности) имеются в изобилии, что делает исключительно продуктивным их сознательный предпринимательский поиск. В таких условиях эволюционные процессы наряду с хорошо описанной в теории случайной составляющей также приобретают элементы сознательности и целенаправленности. Автором предложены подходы к моделированию этих процессов, базирующиеся на модификации известной модели Лотки-Вольтерры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is based on the empirical study of fast growing firms ("Gazelles") in Russia. Sales volumes of many such firms are growing in accordance with the precise exponential trend with surprisingly high quality of approximation. The author finds strong links between this phenomenon and the concentration of most of "Gazelles" in market niches where demand limitations are practically non-existent. Conscious, purposeful entrepreneurial search of free niches becomes under described conditions an important addition to the classic mechanism of evolution of the economy through the natural selection of random changes. The author’s approach to these processes is based on a modification of the well known Lotka-Volterra model.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>быстрые фирмы</kwd><kwd>фирмы-газели</kwd><kwd>экспоненциальный рост</kwd><kwd>конкуренция</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>модель Лотки-Вольтерры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fast growing firms</kwd><kwd>gazelle companies</kwd><kwd>exponential growth</kwd><kwd>competition</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>Lotka-Volterra model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бигон М., Харпер Дж., Таунсенд К. Экология: Особи, популяции и сообщества. Т. 1. М.: Мир, 1989.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бигон М., Харпер Дж., Таунсенд К. Экология: Особи, популяции и сообщества. Т. 1. 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