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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2008-8-28-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-1335</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ИНСТИТУТЫ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нецелевое использование институтов: причины и следствия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Misuse of Institutions: Its Causes and Consequences</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полищук</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polishchuk</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник центра IRIS</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет штата Мэриленд</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Maryland, College Park</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2008</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1335">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1335</self-uri><abstract><p>Институты нередко используются нецелевым образом, то есть вне связи с их изначальным предназначением. В статье классифицируются случаи нецелевого использования институтов, приводятся многочисленные примеры из российской практики. Дается анализ выгод и издержек такого использования, а также последствий для способности института исполнять свою основную функцию. Кроме того, автор анализирует причины и предпосылки нецелевого использования институтов, дает интерпретацию полученных выводов в контексте институциональных реформ, показывая, что институты изначально не защищены от нецелевого использования в силу проблем коллективного действия, в то время как политические и экономические элиты либо безразличны к этой проблеме, либо используют ее для извлечения ренты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Institutions are often misused, i. e. applied or resorted to for reasons which have little in common with their intended or anticipated purpose. The aim of the present paper is to get a further insight into the origins and causes of institutional misuse. A typology and cost-benefit analysis of misuse of institutions are presented and illustrated by examples largely drawn from Russian realities. Causes of vulnerability of institution to misuse are discussed. It is argued that institutions are not protected from misuse at the grassroots due to unresolved collective action problems, whereas economic and political elites are either indifferent to misuse of institutions or perpetrate such misuse by subverting market institutions for the purpose of rent extraction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>институциональная экономика</kwd><kwd>институты</kwd><kwd>экономика реформ</kwd><kwd>новая политическая экономия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>institutional economics</kwd><kwd>institutions</kwd><kwd>economics of reforms</kwd><kwd>political economics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доклад о состоянии гражданского общества в Российской Федерации. 2007 год / Общественная палата. 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Доклад о состоянии гражданского общества в Российской Федерации. 2007 год / Общественная палата. 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Норт Д. 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