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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">voprecotest</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы экономики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Voprosy Ekonomiki</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0042-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32609/0042-8736-2008-2-99-112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">voprecotest-1265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВО И ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIETY AND ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Что означает «изменение системы»?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>What Does “Change of System” Mean?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнаи</surname><given-names>Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornai</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>почетный профессор экономики </p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Коллегиум Будапешт; Гарвардский университет</institution><country>Венгрия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Collegium Budapest; Harvard University</institution><country>Hungary</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>112</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 2008</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1265">https://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1265</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предложен подход к прояснению понятий и категорий экономической политики, в частности, представлений об изменении системы. Рассматриваются позитивный и нормативный аспекты анализа капиталистической и социалистической систем. Автор вводит необходимые и достаточные условия смены системы, обсуждает их выполнение на историческом и статистическом материале. В статье анализируются как экономические, так и политические особенности переходного периода в разных странах, в частности, в странах Восточной Европы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article proposes an approach to the analysis of social change and contributes to the clarification of concepts of economic policy. It deals in particular with the notion of "change of system". The author considers positive and normative aspects of the analysis of capitalist and socialist systems. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the system to be changed are introduced, their fulfillment is discussed drawing upon the historical and statistical data. The article describes both economic and political peculiarities of the transitional period in different countries, especially in Eastern Europe.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>переходная экономика</kwd><kwd>политическая экономия</kwd><kwd>капитализм</kwd><kwd>социализм</kwd><kwd>демократия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transition economy</kwd><kwd>political economy</kwd><kwd>capitalism</kwd><kwd>socialism</kwd><kwd>democracy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корнаи Я. Социалистическая система. Политическая экономия коммунизма. М.: Журнал «Вопросы экономики», 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Корнаи Я. Социалистическая система. Политическая экономия коммунизма. 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