voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2011-8-41-65voprecotest-1158Research ArticleКОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТЬ И ИНСТИТУТЫCOMPETITIVENESS AND INSTITUTIONSСколько стоят неработающие институты?How Much Do Non-performing Institutions Cost?АкиндиноваН.AkindinovaN.

директор Института «Центр развития» НИУ ВШЭ

АлексашенкоС.AleksashenkoS.

кандидат экономических наук, директор по макроэкономическим исследованиям

 

ПетроневичА.PetronevichA.

стажер-исследователь Института «Центр развития» НИУ ВШЭ

 

ПетроневичМ.PetronevichM.

старший научный сотрудник Института «Центр развития» НИУ ВШЭ, преподаватель кафедры экономической теории

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation201120082011084165Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20112011Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1158

Основная цель статьи - подтверждение причинно-следственной связи и получение количественной оценки зависимости между уровнем качества институтов и динамикой их развития, с одной стороны, и темпами роста ВВП - с другой. Анализ проводился на основе межстрановых сопоставлений за 2001- 2009 гг. Результаты исследования подтверждают, что эффективность государственного управления и качество государственных институтов оказывают влияние на рост ВВП. Хотя количественная оценка этого влияния может показаться сравнительно небольшой, однако накопленное за несколько лет отставание в экономическом развитии, вызванное только разницей в качестве институтов и управления, может оказаться весьма значимым. Кроме того, резкое повышение качества институтов дает более существенную, правда, кратковременную добавку к темпам экономического роста.

The primary goal of this paper is to confirm the existence of the links and receive the quantitative measurement of the correlation between the quality of institutions and dynamics of their development, on the one hand, and GDP growth, on the other. For this analysis the extended database consisting of basic macroeconomic indicators and indices of quality of institutions for 51 countries for the period 2001-2009 was used. This study provides quantitative support to the common notion that economic growth in the long run is affected by the quality of institutions. Though this numeric effect may be viewed as relatively small, in the medium run the accumulated gap in the growth rate caused by permanently lower quality of institutions can be substantial. Moreover, the radical improvement in the quality of institutions provides more significant, though not lasting, addition to the growth rate.

институттемпы ростагосударственное управлениеinstitutionsgrowth ratepublic managementReferencesРоссийская промышленность на этапе роста: факторы конкурентоспособности фирм / Под ред. К. Р. Гончар, Б. В. Кузнецова; ГУ-ВШЭ. М.: Вершина, 2008.Российская промышленность на этапе роста: факторы конкурентоспособности фирм / Под ред. К. Р. Гончар, Б. В. Кузнецова; ГУ-ВШЭ. М.: Вершина, 2008.Смирнов С. Факторы циклической уязвимости российской экономики // Вопросы экономики. 2010. № 6. С. 44-68.Смирнов С. Факторы циклической уязвимости российской экономики // Вопросы экономики. 2010. № 6. С. 44-68.Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J. The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth // American Economic Review. 2005. Vol. 95, No 3. P. 546-579.Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J. The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth // American Economic Review. 2005. Vol. 95, No 3. P. 546-579.Adkins L. C., Moomaw R. L., Savvides A. Institutions, Freedom, and Technical Efficiency // Southern Economic Journal. 2002. Vol. 69, No 1. P. 92-108.Adkins L. C., Moomaw R. L., Savvides A. Institutions, Freedom, and Technical Efficiency // Southern Economic Journal. 2002. Vol. 69, No 1. P. 92-108.Aron J. Growth and Institutions: A Review of the Evidence // World Bank Research Observer. 2000. Vol. 15, No 1. P. 99-135.Aron J. Growth and Institutions: A Review of the Evidence // World Bank Research Observer. 2000. Vol. 15, No 1. P. 99-135.Barro R. Democracy and Growth // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 1. P. 1-27.Barro R. Democracy and Growth // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 1. P. 1-27.Barro R. Institutions and Growth: An Introductory Essay // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 1. P. 145-148.Barro R. Institutions and Growth: An Introductory Essay // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 1. P. 145-148.Brunetti A., Wedder B. Political Sources of Growth: A Critical Note on Measurement // Public Choice. 1995. Vol. 82, No 1-2. P. 125-134.Brunetti A., Wedder B. Political Sources of Growth: A Critical Note on Measurement // Public Choice. 1995. Vol. 82, No 1-2. P. 125-134.Claque C., Keefer Ph., Knack S., Olsen M. Property and Contract Rights in Autocracies and Democracies // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 2. P. 243-276.Claque C., Keefer Ph., Knack S., Olsen M. Property and Contract Rights in Autocracies and Democracies // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 2. P. 243-276.Coupet E. Corruption, Investment and Economic Growth: Theory and Economic Evidence // Journal of Business and Economic Research. 2003. Vol. 1, No 1.Coupet E. Corruption, Investment and Economic Growth: Theory and Economic Evidence // Journal of Business and Economic Research. 2003. Vol. 1, No 1.Deaton A., Miller R. International Commodity Prices, Macroeconomic Performance, and Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa // Journal of African Economies. 1996. Vol. 5, No 3 (Suppl., pt. 1). P. 99-191.Deaton A., Miller R. International Commodity Prices, Macroeconomic Performance, and Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa // Journal of African Economies. 1996. Vol. 5, No 3 (Suppl., pt. 1). P. 99-191.Gupta S., Davoodi H., Alonso-Terme R. Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty? // IMF Working Paper. 1998. No 76.Gupta S., Davoodi H., Alonso-Terme R. Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty? // IMF Working Paper. 1998. No 76.Guriev S., Plekhanov A., Sonin K. Development Based on Commodity Revenues // EBRD Working Paper. 2009. No 108.Guriev S., Plekhanov A., Sonin K. Development Based on Commodity Revenues // EBRD Working Paper. 2009. No 108.Knack S. Institutions and the Convergence Hypothesis: The Cross-National Evidence // Public Choice. 1996. Vol. 87, No 3-4. P. 207-228.Knack S. Institutions and the Convergence Hypothesis: The Cross-National Evidence // Public Choice. 1996. Vol. 87, No 3-4. P. 207-228.Knack S., Keefer Ph. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross- Country Investigation // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1997. Vol. 112, No 4. P. 1251-1288.Knack S., Keefer Ph. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross- Country Investigation // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1997. Vol. 112, No 4. P. 1251-1288.Knack S., Keefer Ph. Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Сountry Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures // Economics and Politics. 1995. Vol. 7, No 3. P. 207-227.Knack S., Keefer Ph. Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Сountry Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures // Economics and Politics. 1995. Vol. 7, No 3. P. 207-227.Kormendi R., Meguire Ph. Macroeconomic Determinants of Growth: Cross-Country Evidence // Journal of Monetary Economics. 1985. Vol. 16, No 2. P. 141-163.Kormendi R., Meguire Ph. Macroeconomic Determinants of Growth: Cross-Country Evidence // Journal of Monetary Economics. 1985. Vol. 16, No 2. P. 141-163.Lane Ph., Tornell A. Power, Growth, and the Voracity Effect // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 2. P. 213-241Lane Ph., Tornell A. Power, Growth, and the Voracity Effect // Journal of Economic Growth. 1996. Vol. 1, No 2. P. 213-241Mauro P. Corruption and Growth // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1995. Vol. 110, No 3. P. 681-712.Mauro P. Corruption and Growth // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1995. Vol. 110, No 3. P. 681-712.North D. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1990.North D. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. N. Y.: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Polterovich V. Rent-seeking, Tax Policy, and Economic Growth. Mimeo, NES, 2001.Polterovich V. Rent-seeking, Tax Policy, and Economic Growth. Mimeo, NES, 2001.Redek T., Susjan A. The Impact of Institutions on Economic Growth: The Case of Transition Economies // Journal of Economic Issues. 2005. Vol. 39, No 4. P. 995-1027.Redek T., Susjan A. The Impact of Institutions on Economic Growth: The Case of Transition Economies // Journal of Economic Issues. 2005. Vol. 39, No 4. P. 995-1027.Rodrick D. Institutions for High Quality Growth: What They Are and How to Acquire Them // NBER Working Paper. 2000. No 7540.Rodrick D. Institutions for High Quality Growth: What They Are and How to Acquire Them // NBER Working Paper. 2000. No 7540.Sachs J., Warner A. Sources of Slow Growth in African Economies // Journal of African Economies.1997. Vol. 6, No 3. P. 335-376.Sachs J., Warner A. Sources of Slow Growth in African Economies // Journal of African Economies.1997. Vol. 6, No 3. P. 335-376.Scully G. The Institutional Framework and Economic Development // Journal of Political Economy. 1988. Vol. 96, No 3. P. 652-662.Scully G. The Institutional Framework and Economic Development // Journal of Political Economy. 1988. Vol. 96, No 3. P. 652-662.Solow R. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1956. Vol. 70, No 1. P. 65-94.Solow R. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1956. Vol. 70, No 1. P. 65-94.Sonin K. Why the Rich May Favor Poor Protection of Property Rights // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2003. Vol. 31, No 4. P. 715-731.Sonin K. Why the Rich May Favor Poor Protection of Property Rights // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2003. Vol. 31, No 4. P. 715-731.Temple J., Johnson P. Social Capability and Economic Growth // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1998. Vol. 113, No 3. P. 965-990.Temple J., Johnson P. Social Capability and Economic Growth // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1998. Vol. 113, No 3. P. 965-990.Vanssay X. de, Spindler Z. A. Freedom and Growth: Do Constitutions Matter? // Public Choice. 1994. Vol. 78, No 3-4. P. 359-372Vanssay X. de, Spindler Z. A. Freedom and Growth: Do Constitutions Matter? // Public Choice. 1994. Vol. 78, No 3-4. P. 359-372Wu W., Davis O. A. The Two Freedoms, Economic Growth and Development: An Empirical Study // Public Choice. 1999. Vol. 100, No 1-2. P. 39-64Wu W., Davis O. A. The Two Freedoms, Economic Growth and Development: An Empirical Study // Public Choice. 1999. Vol. 100, No 1-2. P. 39-64

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.