voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2011-12-46-65voprecotest-1118Research ArticleВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИISSUES OF THEORYЭкономическое значение социального капиталаEconomic Significance of Social CapitalПолищукЛ.PolishchukL.

кандидат экономических наук, профессор, заведующий Научно-учебной лабораторией прикладного анализа институтов и социального капитала

МеняшевР.MenyashevR.

младший научный сотрудник Научно-учебной лаборатории прикладного анализа институтов и социального капитала

 

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation2011201220110124665Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20112011Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1118

Предметом статьи является экономика социального капитала, под которым понимается способность к самоорганизации для совместных действий ради общего блага. Особое внимание уделяется взаимосвязи социального капитала и формальных институтов, в частности влиянию социального капитала на эффективность государственного управления. Анализируется структура социального капитала, его «открытая» и «закрытая» разновидности. Обсуждаются формы, механизмы и методы измерения экономической отдачи на социальный капитал. В заключительной части статьи представлены результаты исследования роли социального капитала в благополучии современных российских городов.

The paper deals with economics of social capital which is defined as the capacity of society for collective action in pursuit of common good. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between social capital and formal institutions, and the impact of social capital on government efficiency. Structure of social capital and the dichotomy between its bonding and bridging forms are analyzed. Social capital measurement, its economic payoff, and transmission channels between social capital and economic outcomes are discussed. In the concluding section of the paper we summarize the results of our analysis of the role of social capital in economic conditions and welfare of Russian cities.

социальный капиталпроблема коллективных действийинститутыsocial capitalcollective action probleminstitutionsReferencesЛебедева Н., Татарко А. Ценности культуры и развитие общества. М.: Изд. дом ВШЭ, 2007.Лебедева Н., Татарко А. Ценности культуры и развитие общества. М.: Изд. дом ВШЭ, 2007.Полищук Л. Корпоративная социальная ответственность или государственное регулирование: анализ институционального выбора // Вопросы экономики. 2009. № 10. C. 4-22.Полищук Л. Корпоративная социальная ответственность или государственное регулирование: анализ институционального выбора // Вопросы экономики. 2009. № 10. C. 4-22.Полищук Л. Нецелевое использование институтов: причины и следствия // Вопросы экономики. 2008. № 8. С. 38-44.Полищук Л. Нецелевое использование институтов: причины и следствия // Вопросы экономики. 2008. № 8. С. 38-44.Полищук Л., Борисова Е., Пересецкий А. Управление коллективной собственностью в российских городах: экономический анализ товариществ собственников жилья // Вопросы экономики. 2010. № 11. C. 115-135.Полищук Л., Борисова Е., Пересецкий А. Управление коллективной собственностью в российских городах: экономический анализ товариществ собственников жилья // Вопросы экономики. 2010. № 11. C. 115-135.Ясин Е. Г. Модернизация и общество // Вопросы экономики. 2007. № 5. С. 4-29.Ясин Е. Г. Модернизация и общество // Вопросы экономики. 2007. № 5. С. 4-29.Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J. Reversal оf Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2002. Vol. 117, No 4. P. 1231-1294.Acemoglu D., Johnson S., Robinson J. Reversal оf Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2002. Vol. 117, No 4. P. 1231-1294.Akerlof G., Kranton R. Economics and Identity // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2000. Vol. 115, No 3. P. 715-753.Akerlof G., Kranton R. Economics and Identity // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2000. Vol. 115, No 3. P. 715-753.Almond G., Verba S. The Civic Culture. Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.Almond G., Verba S. The Civic Culture. Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.BatjargalB. Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Performance in Russia : A Longitudinal Study // Organization Studies. 2003. Vol. 24, No 4. P. 535-556.BatjargalB. Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Performance in Russia : A Longitudinal Study // Organization Studies. 2003. Vol. 24, No 4. P. 535-556.Baumol W. Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive// Journal of Political Economy. 1990. Vol. 98, No 5, Part 1. P. 893-921.Baumol W. Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive// Journal of Political Economy. 1990. Vol. 98, No 5, Part 1. P. 893-921.Beugelsdijk S., De Groot H., Schaik T. van. Trust and Economic Growth: a Robustness Analysis // Oxford Economic Papers. 2004. Vol. 56, No 1. P. 118-134.Beugelsdijk S., De Groot H., Schaik T. van. Trust and Economic Growth: a Robustness Analysis // Oxford Economic Papers. 2004. Vol. 56, No 1. P. 118-134.Beugelsdijk S., Schaik T. van. Social Capital and Growth in European Regions: an Empirical Test // European Journal of Political Economy. 2005. Vol. 21, No 2. P. 301-324.Beugelsdijk S., Schaik T. van. Social Capital and Growth in European Regions: an Empirical Test // European Journal of Political Economy. 2005. Vol. 21, No 2. P. 301-324.Bjornskov Ch. The Multiple Facets of Social Capital // European Journal of Political Economy. 2006. Vol. 22, No 1. P. 22-40.Bjornskov Ch. The Multiple Facets of Social Capital // European Journal of Political Economy. 2006. Vol. 22, No 1. P. 22-40.Blume L., Sack D. Patterns of Social Capital in West German Regions // European Urban and Regional Studies. 2008 Vol. 15, No 3. P. 229-248.Blume L., Sack D. Patterns of Social Capital in West German Regions // European Urban and Regional Studies. 2008 Vol. 15, No 3. P. 229-248.Bеnabou R., Tirole J. Incentives and Prosocial Behavior // American Economic Review. 2006. Vol. 96, No 5. P. 1652-1678.Bеnabou R., Tirole J. Incentives and Prosocial Behavior // American Economic Review. 2006. Vol. 96, No 5. P. 1652-1678.Casey T. Social Capital and Regional Economies in Britain // Political Studies. 2004. Vol. 52, No 1. P. 96-117.Casey T. Social Capital and Regional Economies in Britain // Political Studies. 2004. Vol. 52, No 1. P. 96-117.Coase R. The Nature of the Firm // Economica. 1937. Vol. 4, No 16. P. 386-405.Coase R. The Nature of the Firm // Economica. 1937. Vol. 4, No 16. P. 386-405.Coleman J. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital // American Journal of Sociology. 1998. Vol. 94, Supplement. P. S95-S120.Coleman J. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital // American Journal of Sociology. 1998. Vol. 94, Supplement. P. S95-S120.Cooter R. The Rule of State Law and the Rule-of-Law State: Economic Analysis of the Legal Foundations of Development // Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics. 1996. P. 191-217.Cooter R. The Rule of State Law and the Rule-of-Law State: Economic Analysis of the Legal Foundations of Development // Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics. 1996. P. 191-217.Cusak T. Social Capital, Institutional Structures, and Democratic Performance: A Comparative Study of German Local Governments // European Journal of Political Research. 1999. Vol. 35, No 1. P. 1-34.Cusak T. Social Capital, Institutional Structures, and Democratic Performance: A Comparative Study of German Local Governments // European Journal of Political Research. 1999. Vol. 35, No 1. P. 1-34.Denisova I., Eller M., Zhuravskaya E. What Do Russians Think about Transition? // Economics of Transition. 2010. Vol. 18, No 2. P. 249-280.Denisova I., Eller M., Zhuravskaya E. What Do Russians Think about Transition? // Economics of Transition. 2010. Vol. 18, No 2. P. 249-280.Djankov S., Glaeser E., La Porta R., Lopez-de-Silanes F., Shleifer A. The New Comparative Economics // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2003. Vol. 31, No 4. P. 595-619.Djankov S., Glaeser E., La Porta R., Lopez-de-Silanes F., Shleifer A. The New Comparative Economics // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2003. Vol. 31, No 4. P. 595-619.Durlauf S., Fafchamps M. Social Capital // Handbook of Economic Growth / Ph. Aghion, S. Durlauf (eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005. Vol. 1, B. Ch. 26. P. 639-699.Durlauf S., Fafchamps M. Social Capital // Handbook of Economic Growth / Ph. Aghion, S. Durlauf (eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005. Vol. 1, B. Ch. 26. P. 639-699.Dzialek J. Social Capital and Economic Growth in Polish Regions // MPRA Working Paper. 2009. No 18287.Dzialek J. Social Capital and Economic Growth in Polish Regions // MPRA Working Paper. 2009. No 18287.Easterly W., Levine R. Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development // Journal of Monetary Economics. 2003. Vol. 50, No 1. P. 3-39.Easterly W., Levine R. Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development // Journal of Monetary Economics. 2003. Vol. 50, No 1. P. 3-39.Fidrmuc J., Gërxhani K. Mind the Gap! Social Capital, East and West // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2008. Vol. 36, No 2. P. 264-286.Fidrmuc J., Gërxhani K. Mind the Gap! Social Capital, East and West // Journal of Comparative Economics. 2008. Vol. 36, No 2. P. 264-286.Fisman R., Miguel E. Corruption, Norms, and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets // Journal of Political Economy. 2007. Vol. 115, No 6. P. 1020-1048.Fisman R., Miguel E. Corruption, Norms, and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets // Journal of Political Economy. 2007. Vol. 115, No 6. P. 1020-1048.Fukuyama F. Trust: the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. N. Y.: Free Press, 1995.Fukuyama F. Trust: the Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. N. Y.: Free Press, 1995.Glaeser E. L., Laibson D., Sacerdote B. An Economic Approach to Social Capital // Economic Journal. 2002. Vol. 112, No 483. P. 437-458.Glaeser E. L., Laibson D., Sacerdote B. An Economic Approach to Social Capital // Economic Journal. 2002. Vol. 112, No 483. P. 437-458.Glaeser E., Laibson D. Scheinkman J., Soutter C. Measuring Trust // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2000. Vol. 115, No 3. P. 811-846.Glaeser E., Laibson D. Scheinkman J., Soutter C. Measuring Trust // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2000. Vol. 115, No 3. P. 811-846.Grootaert C., van Bastelaer T. Understandingand Measuring Social Capital: A Synthesis of Findings and Recommendations from the Social Capital Initiative. SCI Working Paper No. 250. Washington: The World Bank, 2001.Grootaert C., van Bastelaer T. Understandingand Measuring Social Capital: A Synthesis of Findings and Recommendations from the Social Capital Initiative. SCI Working Paper No. 250. Washington: The World Bank, 2001.Halpern D. Social Capital. Cambridge: Polity, 2005.Halpern D. Social Capital. Cambridge: Polity, 2005.Inglehart R., Welzel Ch. Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Inglehart R., Welzel Ch. Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Ke R., Zhang Zh. Trust in China: A Cross-Regional Analysis // William Davidson Institute Working Paper No 586, 2003.Ke R., Zhang Zh. Trust in China: A Cross-Regional Analysis // William Davidson Institute Working Paper No 586, 2003.Keefer Ph., Knack S. Social Capital, Social Norms and the New Institutional Economics // C. Menard, M. Shirley (eds.). Handbook of New Institutional Economics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005. P. 701-725.Keefer Ph., Knack S. Social Capital, Social Norms and the New Institutional Economics // C. Menard, M. Shirley (eds.). Handbook of New Institutional Economics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2005. P. 701-725.Kennedy B., Kawachi I. The Role of Social Capital in the Russian Mortality Crisis // World Development. 1998. Vol. 26, No 11. P. 2029-2043.Kennedy B., Kawachi I. The Role of Social Capital in the Russian Mortality Crisis // World Development. 1998. Vol. 26, No 11. P. 2029-2043.Knack S. Social Capital and the Quality of Government: Evidence from the States // American Journal of Political Science. 2002. Vol. 16, No 4. P. 772-783.Knack S. Social Capital and the Quality of Government: Evidence from the States // American Journal of Political Science. 2002. Vol. 16, No 4. P. 772-783.Knack S., Keefer Ph. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1997. Vol. 112, No 4, P. 1251-1288.Knack S., Keefer Ph. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1997. Vol. 112, No 4, P. 1251-1288.La Porta R., Lopez-de-Silanes F., Shleifer A., Vishny R. Trust in Large Organizations // AmericanEconomic Review. 1997. Vol. 87, No 2. P. 333-338.La Porta R., Lopez-de-Silanes F., Shleifer A., Vishny R. Trust in Large Organizations // AmericanEconomic Review. 1997. Vol. 87, No 2. P. 333-338.Marsh Ch. Social Capital and Democracyin Russia // Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 2000. Vol. 33, No 2. P. 183-199.Marsh Ch. Social Capital and Democracyin Russia // Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 2000. Vol. 33, No 2. P. 183-199.Menyashev R., Polishchuk L. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff in Russia? // Higher School of Economics Working Paper. 2011. No WP10/2011/01.Menyashev R., Polishchuk L. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff in Russia? // Higher School of Economics Working Paper. 2011. No WP10/2011/01.Nannicini T., Stella A., Tabellini G., Troiano U. Social Capital and Political Accountability // FEEM Working Paper. 2010. No. 58.Nannicini T., Stella A., Tabellini G., Troiano U. Social Capital and Political Accountability // FEEM Working Paper. 2010. No. 58.Olson M. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.Olson M. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.Ostrom E. Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2000. Vol. 14, No 3. P. 137-158.Ostrom E. Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms // Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2000. Vol. 14, No 3. P. 137-158.Persson T., Tabellini G. Democratic Capital: The Nexus of Political and Economic Change // AmericanEconomic Journal: Macroeconomics. 2009. Vol. 1, No 2. P. 88-126.Persson T., Tabellini G. Democratic Capital: The Nexus of Political and Economic Change // AmericanEconomic Journal: Macroeconomics. 2009. Vol. 1, No 2. P. 88-126.Platteau J.-Ph. Institutions, Social Norms, and Economic Development. Amsterdam: Overseas Publishers Association, 2000.Platteau J.-Ph. Institutions, Social Norms, and Economic Development. Amsterdam: Overseas Publishers Association, 2000.Putnam R. Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.Putnam R. Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.Putnam R. Op. cit.; Aghion P., Algan Y., Cahuc P., Shleifer A. Regulation and Distrust // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2010. Vol. 125, No 3. P. 1015-1049.Putnam R. Op. cit.; Aghion P., Algan Y., Cahuc P., Shleifer A. Regulation and Distrust // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2010. Vol. 125, No 3. P. 1015-1049.Rodrik D., Subramanian A., Trebbi F. Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development // Journal of Economic Growth. 2004. Vol. 9, No 2. P. 131-165.Rodrik D., Subramanian A., Trebbi F. Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development // Journal of Economic Growth. 2004. Vol. 9, No 2. P. 131-165.Rodrik D., Subramanian A., Trebbi F. Op. cit.; Glaeser E., La Porta R., Lopez-de- Silanes F., Shleifer A. Do Institutions Cause Growth? // Journal of Economic Growth. 2004. Vol. 9, No 3. P. 271-303.Rodrik D., Subramanian A., Trebbi F. Op. cit.; Glaeser E., La Porta R., Lopez-de- Silanes F., Shleifer A. Do Institutions Cause Growth? // Journal of Economic Growth. 2004. Vol. 9, No 3. P. 271-303.Rose R. Getting Things Done in an Anti-Modern Society: Social Capital Networks in Russia // World Bank Social Capital Initiative Working Paper. 1998. No 6.Rose R. Getting Things Done in an Anti-Modern Society: Social Capital Networks in Russia // World Bank Social Capital Initiative Working Paper. 1998. No 6.Saegert S., Winkel G. Social Capital and the Revitalization of New York City's Distressed Inner-city Housing // Housing Policy Debate. 1998. Vol. 9, No 1. P. 17-60.Saegert S., Winkel G. Social Capital and the Revitalization of New York City's Distressed Inner-city Housing // Housing Policy Debate. 1998. Vol. 9, No 1. P. 17-60.Sethi R., Somanathan E. The Evolution of Social Norms in Common Property Resource Use // American Economic Review. 1996. Vol. 86, No 4. P. 766-788.Sethi R., Somanathan E. The Evolution of Social Norms in Common Property Resource Use // American Economic Review. 1996. Vol. 86, No 4. P. 766-788.Tabellini G. Institutions and Culture // Journal of the European Economic Association Papers and Proceedings. 2008. Vol. 6, No 2-3. P. 255-294.Tabellini G. Institutions and Culture // Journal of the European Economic Association Papers and Proceedings. 2008. Vol. 6, No 2-3. P. 255-294.Tabellini G. The Scope of Cooperation: Values and Incentives // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2008. Vol. 123, No 1. P. 905-948.Tabellini G. The Scope of Cooperation: Values and Incentives // Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2008. Vol. 123, No 1. P. 905-948.Tirole J. A Theory of Collective Reputations (with Applications to the Persistence of Corruption and to Firm Quality) // Review of Economic Studies. 1996. Vol. 63, No 1. P. 1-22.Tirole J. A Theory of Collective Reputations (with Applications to the Persistence of Corruption and to Firm Quality) // Review of Economic Studies. 1996. Vol. 63, No 1. P. 1-22.Weingast B. The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law // American Political Science Review. 1997. Vol. 91, No 2. P. 245-263.Weingast B. The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law // American Political Science Review. 1997. Vol. 91, No 2. P. 245-263.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.