voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2010-11-25-40voprecotest-1094Research ArticleРЕСУРСНАЯ РЕНТА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ РЕСУРСЫRESOURCE RENT AND INNOVATION RESOURCES«Ресурсное благословение»: научно-технический прогресс и дефицит пресной воды"Resource Blessing": R&D and Sweet Water DeficitЛевинМ.LevinM.

доктор экономических наук, профессор, завкафедрой микроэкономического анализа

ШиловаН.ShilovaN.

преподаватель кафедры микроэкономического анализа, аспирант кафедры иудаики ИСАА МГУ

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» ; Институт стран Азии и Африки МГУ имени М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияNational Research University Higher School of Economics; Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation2010201120100112540Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20102010Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1094

Сокращение доступных запасов природного ресурса может стать стимулом развития новых технологий, которые позволяют использовать его более эффективно или заместить в процессе производства другим ресурсом. В статье рассматривается случай Израиля, испытывавшего дефицит пресной воды. Ее доступные ежегодные объемы есть величина если не случайная, то по крайне мере труднопредсказуемая. Кроме того, применить к ней ценовые механизмы, которые могли бы резко ограничить ее расходование, нельзя в силу политических и социальных причин. Поэтому правительство Израиля предприняло целый ряд мер, которые, задействовав уже к тому времени широко используемый и наращиваемый интеллектуальный капитал, заставили частные фирмы вести разработки в сфере повышения эффективности водопользования и производства пресной воды. Таким образом, в Израиле идет процесс эффективного замещения дефицитного природного ресурса недефицитным интеллектуальным, который по мере его использования только наращивается.

Shortening of available volumes of a natural resource can become an engine for the development of new technologies, which could help using it more effectively. The article considers the case of Israel - the state that encounters sweet water deficit. Accessible average volume of this resource is in some sense random and hard to predict. Ordinary pricing mechanisms are difficult to implement due to political and social considerations. A range of measures has made private firms use an already existing intellectual resource to develop R&D aiming to make water use more effective. This can be viewed as a process of efficient substituting a deficit natural resource with a non-deficit intellectual one.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.