voprecotestВопросы экономикиVoprosy Ekonomiki0042-8736Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP10.32609/0042-8736-2010-8-112-122voprecotest-1063Research ArticleОБЩЕСТВО И ЭКОНОМИКАSOCIETY AND ECONOMYОбразование, социальный капитал и экономическое развитие (обзор основных исследований)Education, Social Capital, and Economic Development (Review of Basic Studies)НатховТ.NatkhovT.

кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры институциональной экономики

 

Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation20102008201008112122Copyright © Voprosy Ekonomiki, NP, 20102010Voprosy Ekonomiki, NPVoprosy Ekonomiki, NPhttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.vopreco.ru/jour/article/view/1063

Как показывают результаты многочисленных исследований, образование положительно влияет на экономический рост не только напрямую (путем освоения новых знаний и совершенствования технологий), но и косвенно, формируя благоприятную социальную среду. Уровень образования индивида значим практически для всех видов социального взаимодействия. Существуют две гипотезы, объясняющие эту зависимость. Согласно первой, образование снижает уровень насилия в обществе: на смену оружию при разрешении конфликтов приходят суды и законодательные органы, что способствует более надежной защите прав собственности и, как следствие, экономическому росту. Согласно второй, образование обладает значительными положительными экстерналиями: совместное обучение выступает важным способом социализации и формирования общих ментальных моделей. Не будучи взаимоисключающими, эти гипотезы указывают на решающую роль образования в накоплении социального капитала.

Studies show that education has a positive impact on economic growth not only directly (through the development of new knowledge and improved technology), but also indirectly, by creating a favorable social environment. The educational level of the individual is significant for almost all types of social interactions. There are two hypotheses that explain this dependence. First, education reduces the level of violence in society: weapons in resolving conflicts are replaced with courts and legislative bodies, which contributes to better protection of property rights and hence economic growth. Second, education has significant positive externalities: joint training is an important part of socialization and formation of shared mental models. While not mutually exclusive, these hypotheses point to the crucial role of education in the accumulation of social capital.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.